Setting Up A Moral System Essay Example for Free

Setting Up A Moral System Essay The establishment of an ethical framework is indispensable in each general public. However, every ethical framework must arrangement with the major clashing general good issues: Consequentialism versus Non-consequentialism; Self versus Other-Interestedness; Act Utilitarianism versus Rule Utilitarianism; and Emotion versus reason. At the point when each of the four regions are consolidated and inspected there are clashing perspectives that must be settled. Above all else, there is the issue of Consequentialism and Non-consequentialism. Consequentialism is best portrayed by utilitarianism, where choices depend on the results of the result of the choice made. Then again, non-consequentialism is best depicted as a moral hypothesis that is put together not with respect to the results of the activity, yet on some higher good standard that is set upon them. Instances of non-consequentialism are Kants Duty Ethics and Divine Command Theory. The contention between the two is whether to do what is best as per the result or follow what one feels as the higher good standard would expect them to hold fast to. By and by, I would resolve this region by picking the consequentialist conviction as my apparatus for judgment since I feel that individuals need to consider the results of their activities in such a case that they dont then it will cause devastation in the general public. In this manner, I feel that consequentialism is the best possible arrangement around there. Besides, there is simply the contention versus Other-Interestedness. The idea of self is best depicted as being narrow minded and just thinking about oneself without agonizing over what may befall others. While the idea of other-interestedness is fundamentally putting the requirements of every other person over your own (this is like utilitarianism). The huge clash is that a great many people will pick themselves first, yet in the event that this were an ideal society the individuals would stress over everybody first. In the event that individuals would consider it, at that point they make sense of it that they are remembered for everybody. Consequently, around there I would take care of the issue by picking the hypothesis of other-interestedness. Next, there is the issue of the demonstration utilitarianism versus the standard utilitarianism. The demonstration way to deal with utilitarianism i s that an individual ought to perform acts that will realize the best useful for the best number. Then again, the standard way to deal with utilitarianism is that individuals set up and adhere to rules which will realize the best useful for the best number. The major clashing good issue is whether there is opportunity engaged with the dynamic procedure. Act utilitarianism gives boundless opportunity, while rule utilitarianism gives for all intents and purposes no opportunity, yet rule utilitarianism gives structure and strength to the general public. The most ideal approach to unravel this zone is have rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism joined with the goal that you have rules to give some structure to society yet have the capacity for the individuals to be permitted to communicate their individual opportunities in the general public. Along these lines, I feel that a blend of the two is the most ideal way unravel this territory of the ethical framework. At long last, there is the issue among reason and feeling. Reason is portrayed as contemplating what the result of the choice would be, at that point settling on the choice. The hypothesis of feeling is responding to ones feelings without pondering the conceivable result of the circumstance. In this circumstance one needs to favor reason provided that not the general public would have individuals responding to their feelings all the time which could disarray and would not fit into an idealistic culture. These four zones consolidated would help in set up an upstanding and legitimate good framework when applied accurately. I feel that the choices that I made before in this article are the best possible ones required for a decent good framework.

Volunteer Work Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humanitarian effort Experience - Essay Example At the point when I was a youthful adolescent, my mom would let me lead straightforward accounting, perform stock checks, and oversee the laborers while she was away. Working nearby my mom caused me to understand that my vision of turning into a capable business person was feasible. My mother’s hypothesis that financial matters and bookkeeping were the administering dialects of business was reflected in her business choices, yet in addition obvious in her day by day directs. Maybe her every movement and discourse had been determined for the most elevated exactness and productivity. Her capacity to deal with predicament with balance combined with a certain thoughtfulness regarding subtleties made her an outstanding agent. She had the option to keep the family above waters in any event, when my dad's endeavors fizzled. Regardless of whether mother was attempting to keep up her little material shop or watching out for her providing food business, she generally figured out how to keep an idealistic standpoint notwithstanding incalculable botched chances and unfruitful ventures. Consistently, she would accumulate gifts and sort out outings to nearby halfway houses. Her knowledge and magnanimous selflessness fortified my yearnings to take off as an effective specialist and break free from society’s man centric desires. My accomplishments work as a medium from which I could offer back to the network. In the mid year of 2010, I felt amazingly vanquished when my expectations of scoring an entry level position with the examining firm Ernst and Young Jakarta was squashed. Nonetheless, my mistake left me scanning for different open doors that would permit me to achieve something in the business world. At the point when my 17-year-former sweetheart thought of an unconstrained plan to manufacture a little Internet business in the immature zone of West Jakarta, I incautiously consented to be his clerk.

Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale Essay Example

Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale Essay I. Lord Leontes’ monolog in Act I.ii.179-207 uncovers his pained, practically unhinged perspective at this early point in the play. The short aside that Leontes articulates here uncovers a mental state where uncertainty has started to grow and multiply. Through the particular utilization of metaphorical language in this discourse, Shakespeare uncovered the king’s concealed considerations and plans, while additionally hinting a portion of the disarrays and disasters in the play, which begin in Leontes’ absurd desire. The subject of desire, additionally integral to another significant Shakespearean play, Othello, is critical in this section. Hence, without regarding judgment and reason, Leontes enjoys impassionate and indiscreet thoughts which will in the long run demonstrate dangerous. The picture that opens his aside portrays the lord as an angler who is â€Å"angling† in the plan to recognize the blame of the two accepted darlings. The undetectable string that holds angling pole bar insinuates the powerless and clueless casualties. In addition, the picture serves to portray the manner by which the lord will look to capture two of his loved ones generally, before his being blinded by desire. Having the tolerance and the shrewdness of an angler trusting that the trap will work, Leontes suggests here to his clearly planned arrangement: he tries to ostensibly support the love between his better half and his closest companion so as to have verification of their unfaithfulness.Furthermore, the ruler pictures his sovereign as a winged animal who â€Å"holds up the neb† to an apparently unfaithful companion, in this way adding to the possibility of entanglement. With his sight obscured by rage and desire, the ruler sees indications of selling out where there are none, in this manner making the ideal conditions for debacle. The king’s dynamic ingestion into enraging doubts is likewise critical here: â€Å"Inch-thick, knee-prof ound, o’er head and ears a forked one!†. Slowly, Leontes denies reason and lucidity, sinking further into the nonexistent snare woven by his own brain. This is clear in the extraordinary allegorical charge of the word â€Å"play† in the king’s discourse. Asking his newborn child to proceed to play, he promptly muses on the distinctive implying that the word holds for him and the two deceivers. Above all else, in his dreamlike perspective, Leontes is persuaded that his better half â€Å"plays† or fakes honesty to shroud her two-faced relationship. Furthermore, he himself plays, professing not to speculate anything and in this manner trusting the guilty parties will give themselves away.Finally, Leontes additionally considers he will play a â€Å"disgraceful part† according to the network, when the assumed double-crossing is found out.â Next, the disturbed lord proceeds onward to ponder the ordinariness of unfaithfulness, utilizing other incr edible pictures simultaneously. Accordingly, the word â€Å"sluiced† and the expression â€Å"fished pond† give realistic, sexual portrayals of the wife’s infidelity. In addition, the picture of the spouse as a lake angled by a grinning and tricky neighbor indicates burglary and misappropriation. Proceeding in a similar line of thought, the picture of â€Å"open entryways against their will† likewise proposes a constrained and fake passageway of the finesse neighbor. The rest of the discourse finishes up with similarly sexual symbolism that the entire of the female kind is degenerate, with the unfaithfulness achieving astronomical measurements: â€Å"It is an off color planet that will strike/Where ‘tis overwhelming; and ‘tis ground-breaking, think it,/From east, west, north, and south. Be it finished up,/No blockade for a belly.† Leontes’ discourse here gives proof of a larger than average and impassionate envy which blinds him and detaches him from his loved ones most and which will likewise be the reason for catastrophe in the play.II. a). In a large portion of Shakespeare’s plays there are unprecedented ladies, worked as intricate figures with significant jobs. In The Winter’s Tale, there are three ladies who figure out how to break out the restrictions of customary female picture. Hermione is fearless and practically flawless in her conduct. The representation of her change into a sculpture and her resulting reaching life toward the finish of the play talks about resurrection and another opportunity at joy. All things considered, Shakespeare utilizes her as an image for ripeness in the resemblance of spring, the season which stops winter and get back to nature to life. Her excellent conductor makes her a model female character. Toward the start, she is the given spouse, mother and sovereign, who is in the long run rebuffed for trying to treat her husband’s companion with respect an d regard. Besides, her endless perseverance and her capacity to pardon her failing spouse adds to her significance in the play. Perdita is additionally a huge figure, whose appearance reports, as her name proposes, the recovery of what had been lost. In excess of a basic character, Perdita, as Herminone, is an incredible image. Through her union with Florizel, Polixene’s child, she turns into the connection that reunites the two companions and finishes the family circle. At long last, Pauline is similarly significant, going about as an enthusiastic supporter of the family. She secures and thinks about Hermione and the lord simultaneously, interceding the upbeat closure of the play with shrewdness and interminable patience.c). The repetitive pictures of resurrection in the play point to a fascinating bearing with regards to Shakespeare’s late composition. In the event that in his catastrophes the world would recapture balance just with the cost of the protagonistsâ€⠄¢ lives, here we see a universe which is transitory out of parity however which wonderfully figures out how to skip again into the right spot. A sign of development, this quality uncovers another element of the author’s composing: the pictures of resurrection imply the characteristic patterns of the progressive seasons, therefore coordinating man into the bigger image of a characteristic universe. The consummation is wonderful, without being excessively hopeful. Shakespeare exhibits that disaster, just as sentiment, is a piece of the normal course of events.d). The absolute opposite among unwaveringness and selling out is at the topical center of the play. In this manner, in a large portion of the cases, the individuals who seem to sell out are really steadfast. Hermione and Polixenes are never blameworthy of the allegations that Leontes showers on them. Camillo, who from the start sight would give off an impression of being the most traitorous of all and who â€Å"betraysà ¢â‚¬  by turns Leontes, Polixenes and Florizel is really one of the most aware characters in the play. It is somewhat because of his amicable character and his understanding that the last get-together happens. At long last, Paulina figures out how to remain dedicated to Hermione and the lord simultaneously, in spite of the contention among them and notwithstanding the way that the ruler is the aberrant reason for her husband’s passing. Consequently, Leontes is inquisitively encircled by incredibly faithful individuals, while he presumes just double-crossing and falseness.III. Answer: D.The Winter’s Tale, no not exactly other Shakespearian plays, has a questionable consummation, without appearing to be so from the outset sight. The sculpture which is bafflingly enlivened makes the hover of life come total. The glad gathering, notwithstanding, isn't great: Mamillius, the dead child of the ruler and sovereign, and Antigonus are absent. Through this gadget Shakespeare rem ains consistent with nature: while the cheerful gathering is conceivable and resurrection is a characteristic procedure, something is perpetually lost in transit. Perdita is found once more, however with the cost of the passing of sovereign and king’s other youngster. Two sets rejoin in marriage toward the end, yet one sets had been broken all the while: Paulina and Lord Antigonus.

Funeral Oration of Pericles Essay

In the perusing of the Funeral Oration of Pericles, I don't accept what Pericles says about Athens. I accept he gave his discourse to support confidence for his kin and for the officers, and to prop the war up. In the Funeral Oration of Pericles, they were there to respect the fallen warriors and to have an internment for them, however Pericles made it about the war. He utilized it to help spirit for the warriors, to get them energized and to give them motivation to continue battling, he likewise utilized it to give a purpose for the war to the residents. It was a political proceed onward its own. These strategies are as yet utilized on the planet today, for example, the war in Iraq and Afghanistan and as far back as the Gettysburg Address. Pericles accepted that individual brilliance was one of the uncommon things you could have, and battling in the war and giving your life for your city was perhaps the most elevated magnificence you could offer, so in this manner he celebrated the war not the individuals that lost their lives battling in it. Pericles was attempting to convince the individuals that the war was worth individuals losing their lives over and that there was a significance and cause for it. The burial service discourse can be found on the planet today with the war in Iraq, where the President gives the talks regarding why we are battling in a war, the reasons and the reason, which is truly not referred to today, for example, weapons of mass pulverization, it was said that Iraq had these and come to discover they had none, such a large number of individuals lost their lives for what reason? There was publicity, and glorification given to the people that battled, to support their resolve and for them to realize they were accomplishing something that helped the nation. The President attempted to convince the residents with his addresses that it was only and there was a purpose behind the war. All in all, the inquiry posed was do I think everything Per icles says about Athens in the Funeral Oration. The response to that would be no. I don't accept that Pericles was there to respect the fallen warriors. I accept he was there to convince the residents and the warriors that what they were doing was correct and was simply and in the event that they proceeded, at that point they would be celebrated.

White Privilege in American Society Essay Example for Free

White Privilege in American Society Essay Benefit is the best foe of uniformity. This statement from a prominent Austrian writer, Marie Von Ebner-Eschenbach, maybe portrays the mischief of white benefit on American culture. By its very definition benefit is an elegance presented on one over another (Webster, 2006). In that sense, benefit is all by itself a resistance to balance. In racial terms, in the event that one gathering has been truly favored over another, there will never be correspondence between the gatherings until a disastrous fresh start can happen evacuating all hint of the gave benefit. Benefit is the best adversary of uniformity. This statement from a prominent Austrian author, Marie Von Ebner-Eschenbach, maybe depicts the damage of white benefit on American culture. By its very definition benefit is a beauty offered on one over another (Webster, 2006). In that sense, benefit is all by itself a resistance to correspondence. In racial terms, on the off chance that one gathering has been generally favored over another, there will never be equity between the gatherings until a cataclysmic fresh start can happen evacuating all hint of the offered benefit. White American benefit is the consequence of a nation creating around a racially charged society highlighting whites on top. Since the initiation of frontier America, Whites paid attention to themselves as the unrivaled race. This is seen apparent through the accommodation and disposal of the Native Americans just as most legitimately in the foundation of servitude. As the country of wealth started to create, and the American Dream came into realization, nonwhites were kept separate from any opportunity to benefit. Avoid ahead to introduce day and we see a country that has made intense jumps toward social fairness between races, yet at the same time battles with remainders of the past. Basically, white benefit is the social bit of leeway given to whites through riches and influence that nonwhites never had the chance to gain. In spite of all of societys strides toward racial fairness, how would you even out the preferences one gathering has had over another? The most evident favorable position today is that of riches. White Americans have had more noteworthy open door for past ages to amass and give riches to todays individuals, though nonwhite Americans were truly denied the chance to do as such. Explicit cases incorporate the oppression of a race with Native Americans, the subjugation of race as observed with Black Americans, and the fleecing of a race as observed with Japanese Americans. In any case, maybe generally predominant, yet surely not evident is the force that White Privilege presents to White Americans. In a general public being constrained by white Americans, it is normal for that society to show an inclination toward whites. This inclination shows itself through enactment, openings and inside the very structure holding the system together itself. Anyway pervasive its belongings may be, White Privilege appears to be nonexistent to the individuals who profit by it (McIntosh, 1989). In current American culture, as a country that has existed with White Privilege, it is ordinary and passes by unnoticed to white Americans. Among its unobtrusive appearances, however apparently the most pertinent, is the way that activities submitted by a white individual are ascribed to that individual and very sometimes to their race, though, activities submitted by nonwhites are typically seen as cliché of their race, regardless of whether those activities are in truth atypical. It is in these nuances that the regularly made contention that disappointed white Americans don't profit by the impacts of White Privilege is demonstrated wrong. The factor of riches just gives an explanation with regards to why white benefit exists. The way that everything except a little level of well off Americans are white corresponds to that reality that everything except an exceptionally little level of Americans in power are white. The predisposition and controlling interest applied by this white force dominant part is obvious through all parts of American government. As depicted in The Coming White Majority a dark man came to America, he cites, We came here as Africans, yet nobody called us Africans. They called us Negroes (Maharidge, 1996). White Privilege is a marvel that can't legitimately be fixed. As examined the hidden reasons for White Privilege exist in the attitude and force structure of American culture. Maybe most possible is start by broadening the force structure of the legislature. In any case, as has been demonstrated ordinarily in American government, legislative issues are won through monetary help. So consequently, we look again to riches and must concentrate on evening out the abundance of the country. In the event that, through these means, we engineer a social framework that has power similarly disseminated among races, there still remains the apparent force made by cultural mentality. In contrast to unmistakable parts of government office and riches, by what method can we possible endeavor to change the psyches of a whole society of individuals (Bonilla-Silva, 2006). It very well may be assumed that the best way to start to embrace this errand is through training. As opposed to prevalent thinking, race can't be overlooked. Race training will assist with teaching both white Americans to know about wonder, for example, White Privilege, and to help instruct nonwhite Americans in what's in store living in a general public loaded up with White Privilege. As examined, White Privilege is a penetrating component of American culture and its belongings gradually broaden the riff among white and nonwhite Americans. Be that as it may, albeit troublesome, it is conceivable to start to beat the impacts conceded by White Privilege. Disregarding nonrealistic path, for example, a mass racial evening out of riches and influence, the initial step is to instruct the two sides of society in race relations all through. All things considered, as has been begat may times, training and comprehension are the end the entirety of struggle and despondency. Works Cited Webster. Websters Dictionary. 2006 McIntosh, P. White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack. Harmony and Freedom. July 1989. Maharidge, D. The Coming White Minority. Arbitrary House Inc, 1996. Bonilla-Silva, E. Racialized Social System Approach to Racism, in Gallagher, Charles. Reconsidering the Color Line: Readings in Race and Ethnicity. third ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.

John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address - Free Essay Example

John F. Kennedy, who was the 35th President of the United States of America, had achieved many accomplishments throughout his presidential career. Many people had no faith in John F. Kennedy especially those in the South because they did not support his idea of the Civil Rights bill and his thoughts on how to handle the Cold War. However, young John F. Kennedy, who many thought was inexperienced, proved everyone wrong in 1960 by being titled President as he beat Richard Nixon by 84 electoral votes and 2% popular vote. Later on, on January 20th, 1961, John F. Kennedy gave his famous Inaugural Address as a message to the world that unity is key to achieve a successful society. Throughout his speech, John F. Kennedy embeds inversion, alliteration and rhetorical questions, which helps his audience develop different aspects of his speech. In all, his speech consists of powerful words, syntactic reversal of words and questions that raise effects, that help impact a powerful movement. One rhetorical device Kennedy uses to achieve his purpose is inversion. John F. Kennedy creates an variation of the subject-verb-object order to use throughout his speech. An example of this can be shown in Paragraph 7, United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do. In other words, Kennedy is trying to prove that if we are together as a nation, we can overcome and accomplish more, rather than being split up and more vulnerable. Also, this was occuring when Civil Rights was significant, so if everyone had dropped their issues with each other and joined as a whole, no matter what color you were, many conflicts could have been resolved. Without the evidence of effort shown by the people, the movement cannot begin because everybody is seperated and that leads to miscommunication of the nation. Although, Kennedy uses the idea of being united, he also uses religion to fulfill his goal. For example, For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. (Paragraph 3) Another way to interpret what Kennedy is explaining is there is a big distinction produced between his religion. This was a reason why many people disapproved of Kennedy due to his religion being Roman-Catholic, but he willingly agreed to put aside that for the sake of the nation. Kennedys tendency to listen to the people and put them ahead of his own self plays a big impact on his overall goal. Another rhetorical device that Kennedy uses is alliteration to serve his purpose of unity. The way Kennedy uses the repetition of the same sound but just in a different way displays how he can use words to an advantage. One example that shows this is, Let us go forth to the land we love . (Paragraph 28) The big aspect of the quote is Let, which persuades people to come join to make a big effort. Also, in a way Kennedy uses pathos to get into the audiences emotions saying they join if they care. In addition to Kennedys objective of America help bringing together the whole nation and not just a certain group of people, he embeds another piece of alliteration in his speech, For exampleLet both sides Let is a strong word that Kennedy uses to unify the people of America because it serves as a repetitive alert to remind people to fulfill their duties. The repetition of the same sound is so used to implant into the people of the nations mindset to come forth and work together to create a st rong, unified society. Finally, John F. Kennedy uses rhetorical questions throughout his speech. Rhetorical questions come into place when a figure of speech is in the form of a question that is posed for rhetorical effect rather than just receiving a upright answer. Example, Will you join in that historic effect? (Paragraph 24). This quote establishes pathos because it appeals to engage into the audiences emotions. Therefore, makes the people feel significant and help unite many because of the fact that they will be an aspect of Americas history brings in the people and also has benefits for not only the people but the nation as well. Moreover, Kennedy uses another rhetorical question, Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. (Paragraph 16). In other words, the meaning of the quote is that divisions are being caused by problems that are not relevant to the matter and need to be set aside for the moment. Rhetorical questions play a big part of John F. Kennedys speech because forms a question that is posed for effect to commence an immense movement. Throughout John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address, he utilizes the ability to be able to establish an way for all of America to rejoice together as a whole and form an prosperous society. Kennedy attains his goal by using rhetoric devices such as alliteration, rhetorical questions and inversion, so that he has strong valid points and ways to support those points. Without this speech the history of the United States of America would be completely changed because of how the large impact of his speech outspread to the whole nation, including the youth.

An Analysis of the Signs and Symbols Used in Patek...

MM 204 - MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS An analysis of the signs and symbols used in Patek Philippe Geneves Begin your own tradition advert. - MARCH 2007 - INITIAL INTEPRETATION This advert shows a dad helping his son with his homework. This is a common right of passage for many families. The advert stresses conventional family values and the importance of the father-son relationship. The watch is presented as a precious family heirloom which dads should buy to pass on through the generations. Thus the watch has a purpose beyond its function, a purpose of tradition. SIGNS SEMIOTICS Utilitarian signs There are limited signs relating to the practical aspects of owning a Patek Philippe Geneve watch. The functional aspect of the†¦show more content†¦With the exception of the watch, there are no rounded lines suggesting femininity (Blythe 2006), there are however many sharp, angular lines both in the creases of the book, the clothes and the background which suggest masculinity (Blythe 2006). Body Position It is also noticeable that the man is at a slanted angle to the boy. The man is in an upward left to right angle, which denotes upward movement (Blythe 2006) i.e. the progression, from a man to the boy (and thus the inheritance of the watch). Context of the watch The positioning and eye-focus of the father and son (both looking down at what is perceived as the sons homework) suggests that father is helping his son with the homework. In a connotative context this suggests the acquisition from father to son of positive cultural values. This places the passing of the watch from father to son in a context as important as education. SEMANTICS Legacy and self-actualisation. The sentence Begin your own tradition taps into the importance of legacy. A popular school of thought in post-modern culture is the desire of men to create a legacy in the latter part of their life (Powell 2005). It would probably be easier though to classify legacy as part of Maslows (1943) self-actualisation bracket. Regardless, there is a clear attempt in the advert to appeal to men who want to create their own legacy. Separatism Begin your own tradition in note (6) implies separatism from society. This

Maslow s Theory Of Motivation - 1103 Words

†¢ NEED THEORIES Need theories describes motivation as â€Å"the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need† In this context, a need is an internal state that cause a specific result to look pleasant. An individual’s drives are stimulated when tension is created due to an unsatisfied need. A search behaviour is generated to locate specific goals, if this is obtained, the need will be satisfied and the tension will be reduced. Needs could be said to physiological or psychological deficiencies that stimulate behaviour. This differ with time and place, as environmental factors can influence it and make strong or weak. Maslow – deficiency needs vs†¦show more content†¦If employers fail to do this, this could lead to a theoretically increase in the frustration of employees and performance levels will reduce, job satisfaction level could also reduce and withdrawal from the organisation could increase. For example, relating job insecurity to this theory, if an employee feels any threat of layoff, this can hinder the individual from their higher growth needs. This could lead them to push harder in acquiring job security but neglecting to fulfil their other needs. If at the end, job security isn’t attained, an employee might try to fulfil their needs somewhere else or burn out. Alderfer’s ERG model The theory of Clayton P. Alderfer’s ERG from 1969 compresses Maslow’s five human needs in three division: Existence Needs: this involves all material and physiological aspiration. (e.g house, food, water, air, safety, physical affection and love). This is similar to Maslow’s first two levels. Relatedness Needs: to be accepted, identified and feel safe with a group and family. This correlate with the third and fourth levels of Maslow’s hierarchy. Growth Needs: self-actualisation and self-esteem; this compels an individual to make ingenious and productive change to himself/herself and the surrounding. This is similar to that of Maslow’s fourth and fifth levels. Relationships between the concepts There are three relationships among the

The Topic Of Religion ( A Focus On Pastafarians ) Rough Draft

Aaron Mendoza Farmer ENGL 1301 12/01/14 On the Topic of Religion(A Focus on Pastafarians) rough draft Hello, madam, have you accepted our lord and savior, The Flying Spaghetti Monster, into your life? the man says, a colander on his head, with a vaguely pirate-esque accent. Another annoying pastalatizer arrived at your door. What do you say? Ignore him or hear him out? Is this man insane, or does he simply see you as someone to prank? Is this a game? Well, you re answer could be any of the above. In 2005, in a letter to a governor, a man mentioned a hypothetical Flying Spaghetti Monster, as a way to dispute creationism. This has been adopted by teenagers, pranksters, atheists, and true-believers alike. The church’s website, venganza.org states â€Å"Some claim that the church is purely a thought experiment, satire, illustrating that Intelligent Design is not science, but rather a pseudoscience manufactured by Christians to push Creationism into public schools. These people are mistaken. The Church of FSM is real, t otally legit, and backed by hard science. Anything that comes across as humor or satire is purely coincidental.† It of course raises the question, when is a religion legitimate? It s a matter of semantics, really. The real question is not if these are legitimate, but what do these satirical religions say about our society?. What do these do for society? They provide a view into the madness that religion itself entails, allowing us to discern the boundaries that

Medias Influence on Body Image Essay example - 1550 Words

1.0 Introduction The media have been criticized for portraying the thin women as â€Å"ideal† .This research plans to look at the effects of media on the body image of women. This cumulates the findings of empirical studies that observe the effects of media on body image. This study will also look at the different social comparison theories that relate media and body image. It will also investigate the different sources of media that have an impact on the body image of women. It also scopes to find out which sources have a greater consequence than the others. Furthermore it also researches about how the women could be prevented from comparing their body image from that of the models and actresses portrayed in the media. 2.0 Literature†¦show more content†¦Whereas in the recent years slim women are more valued according to Jennifer A cited in O’dea. body image discourages one from participating in physical activities. Physical activities could be participating in sports where on e has a feeling of being â€Å"too fat† or feeling that one has to achieve a certain look before they can participate (Paxton , 2002, P. 4). 2.1 Theory Researchers have utilized various theoretical findings for examining the relationship between media and body image (Holmstrom, 2004 ). Here is the review of the theories that has been used by the researchers in the area. The most common of these theories is Festinger’s social comparison theory (1954, P. 120) where he argues that people assess themselves through comparison with others and more likely to compare themselves to those who are similar to them and who are attractive. This theory is aimed to encourage one to improve if she finds herself lacking those qualities. On the other side researchers who use social comparison theory claim such comparisons could have probable negative consequences. For example Bandura’s social cognitive theory (1994, P. 80) emphasizes that people study the behaviors of attractive others. This theory suggests that young women find slim models attractive and thus try to follow their routine through dieting which ultimately leads them to eating disorders. The last theory is the Gerbner’s cultivation theory which suggests that the more a person isShow MoreRelated The Medias Influence on Body Image Essay4394 Words   |  18 Pagesby which females are taught from childhood to judge the worth of their own bodies (Stephens Hill, 1994). To explore the broader context of this controversial issue, this paper draws upon several aspects influencing women?s body image. First, this paper examines the concept of body image and the problems associated with chronic dieting and the diet indus try. Next, is an exploration of the prevalence and the source of body dissatisfaction in American females. It also considers existing researchRead More Media’s Influence on Adolescent Body Image Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s society is a consumers’ society in which trying to obtain perfection is one of the fastest selling businesses (DeLaMater Pg. 12). Mass media, advertising, and fashion industries are being accused of feeding off females dissatisfaction with their bodies by portraying unhealthy thin role models in order to sell their products. This unachievable physique and lifestyle has led today’s adolescence down a dark path of such extreme eating disorders as anorexia and bulimia. Although it may sound nice toRead MoreEssay on Downfall of Female Body Image: Media’s Influence2993 Words   |  12 Pageshappening in today’s world due to media influence. Young women are idolizing media images and trying to imitate them. This in turn is causing a negative effect on individualism. Young women should grow up wanting to be themselves as individuals. 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Women need to have a feeling of being safe, powerful and comfortable within their own bodies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"MediaRead MoreA Culture Of Perfection : Media s Influence On Adolescents1362 Words   |  6 PagesCulture of Perfection: Media’s Influence on Adolescents Comparison. It is one of the most dangerous and detrimental habits within our society. We fall into a routine of â€Å"self-checking† ourselves against others; mentally taking notes of what we can improve and what we are doing better. We all know that comparison often takes its’ toll on our confidence and self-worth; what we may not realize, however, is how early these destructive habits begin and why. The media’s influence is everywhere and its’Read MoreEffects of Mass Medias Ideal of Thinness1482 Words   |  6 Pagesperspectives to match that of the media’s current ideals. 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Despite its downside, Mass MediaRead MoreEssay about The Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies 1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies The stringent standard Barbie-doll proportions of body image and what is considered beautiful in today’s media has resulted in devastating effects on adolescent women. The images displayed of women who have long beautiful legs, thin waist lines and smooth flawless skin are very hard to ignore. Throughout history the female body has been on display as a selling tool to coerce people into buying that new fancy car or the latest new appliance that can makeRead MoreMass Media Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesentertainment. With these purposes, comes the influence of all the information we are exposed to. Most might say that mass media has had a positive impact on society as it’s made communication and information easily accessible for everyone. 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Analysis Of Frank And Alice s Views On Politics - 919 Words

Malik presented Frank and Alice who consider themselves to be Republican/ conservative. Frank is a registered republican who wishes other knew that republicans are a group that have been stereotyped to be a bunch of racist ignorant people. Feels pretty much unsafe to speak about politics in public because of the way he may be judged. Media often makes the portrayal of certain political parties which influence and make others bias instead of actually doing their research and choosing which party they connect with the most is a change he would like to see. Alice identifies as a conservative that wishes others would know that not all republicans fit the bias of the same portrayal Frank expresses. Unlike Frank, Alice does speak about politics but often gets into heated arguments because of her beliefs and political views. A change to see is to have conservatism taken more seriously instead of making it a joke in the media. Biased or not, voters should take to the books learn our history and be more aware of the candidates who wish to run our country. Josà ©, interviewed Cesar and Mikel both consider themselves Republican. Some of the things they wish others would know about republicans is that family and religions are important and most of them educate themselves on political issues. Changes to see are the government not being in control of the decisions that affect us. Cesar wants to see the government help American companies to stay and find opportunities for the AmericanShow MoreRelated Censorship in the Classroom Essay2774 Words   |  12 PagesSex. Politics. Religion. The big three: a work of literature is often considered controversial because of its statement about or use of these topics. What makes these and other areas so touchy in the classroom? Why do some parents and concerned community members want controversial materials out of the classroom? In this look at the language of censorship, we must first define censorship, who does the censoring, and why. These will be the first three spotlights for looking at the languageRead MoreEvolution of Public Administratpon5727 Words   |  23 Pages1887 set the ball rolling for the study of public administration as a separate discipline. In 1900 Frank Goodnow in his influential work ‘Politics and Administration’, put forth the thesis that the fields of politics and administration were separate areas of public life and hence the two must be separate and public administration must study only the field of administration and the study of politics to political science which resulted in the development of permanent civil Service free from politicalRead MoreThe Starbucks Brandscape and Consumers10413 Words   |  42 Pagesrespectively, forge aestheticized and politicized anticorporate identifications. izing corporate capitalism (Falk 1999; Klein 1999). 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Discovering Yourself free essay sample

DISCOVERING YOURSELF This topic is very interesting with the Discovery wheel, learning styles, and balancing learning styles. My favorite assignment was the discovery wheel, this exercise shows me that I need to balance the skills that I have and some real weaknesses that I did not know that I had. Discovery is a way to find your TRUE strengths and weaknesses and how balance them. Discovery, commitment, and Mastery should be in every student vocabulary and should be something worked on daily. In my opinion, discovering yourself topic is perfect to be chapter 1 because you can start discovering yourself and improving your skills through out the course as well as your time as a student so that when you graduate and are working in your career chose you could be a more balanced and well-rounded person. The chapter showed me that I could change my learning style or habits to promote success by being able to learn from any instructor. We will write a custom essay sample on Discovering Yourself or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also learned that change is good and committing to change is great. Staying focus on my goals ahead, and start working on small changes first and then looking at the big picture. I will practice the skills that I have learned in this chapter daily to my educational career, workplace, and social settings to grow as a person. In school, I will use a full range of learning Modes to excel in my classes and develop variety of strategies to be able to learn from a wide range of teaching styles. In my workplace, I can use what I learned to look at the bigger picture through being more creative and having a willingness to take risk. I also discovered a need to focus on my time-management and getting more organized. Time Management was something I thought I only needed a little bit of work on, but I see through the discovery wheel I needed alto of focus and change on this skill. Discovering yourself chapter is a good revelation and was a great way for me to see my weaknesses on a larger scale. NOTES Note taking is very important in being a better learner, enhancing your memory and helping you pass test. Television note taking was a good exercise, because it shows you that you can try different techniques and see which one works better for you and with is you can transfer that technique into school or work. Note taking is more than rewriting what the instructor or fascinator is saying, but writing it down in a way you can understand it. You want to observe a statement by an instructor or facilitator, record your observation of that event â€Å"take notes†, and finally you want to review the notes that you took. All points are valid and are not successfully without doing them all. Through out this chapter I gained a better since of note taking and taking notes more effectively. My original style was to rewrite what the instructor or fascinator is saying but I rarely know what they were talking about and that caused me to take more time and research what the topic was and read a lot more on topics that were not relevant to the class. The formats explained in this chapter are effective with different forms of lecture. If an instructor is speaking fast try to focus your attention on key points, exchange notes with a classmate, leave space in your notes to fill in information you might have missed during the lecture, if all else fails speak to your instructors to see if he or she can slow down or speak to him or her after class. If you are note taking while reading you can paraphrase key points, outline the table of contents, and try taking research notes that can help you understand the reading better. I can take the techniques that I have learned in this chapter into the workplace as well as the classroom. I take notes in conferences and seminars and these tools can help me process what I am learning. Many instructors speak faster than I can write and sometimes I find myself either not taking notes and trying to remember what they said, or trying to write everything they said and missing the point all together. I will use the tools in this chapter and will work with others to make sure that I can get the complete information from the lecture. The other points in the chapter I will put into effect while in class and reading assignment trying to map my chapters with main points and making the charts flow from general concepts to specific ideas. Observing, report, and review is an all around concept that can be used in class and work to help me in the ability to remember what the chapter or lecture was about and to be successful in test taking. TIME This was a excellent topic with the Time Plan Process, Getting real with your Goals, STOP PROCRASTINATION NOW which was my favorite assignment in the chapter, 7-day antiprocrastination plan, long term planners, and Master Calendar. This chapter covers discovering how you currently use your time through using planner’s charts and calendars. It also covered how setting goals that will make a difference in the quality of your life and what to do today, this week, and this month and making sure that you reach your goals using techniques to simplify your goals to make them more attainably and reasonable. Last but definitely not least, now to eliminate procrastination through all the techniques above if you focus, follow, and try something new you can definably get pass being a procrastinator. I gained the knowledge of how to effectively schedule, plan, and prioritize my workload al well as keeping a master calendar that I stick too. This is not only helping me through out on time as a student, but in the workplace too. My work schedule is very busy and seems to be always full but when I used the tools that I read about in this chapter I noticed that I could delegate some of my responsibility to others and prioritize other task to use make the best use of my time. This topic was the least amount of points on my discovery wheel and I made sure that I read this chapter carefully, took notes, and implemented the techniques to gain understanding and the ability to have better time management. I know that I cannot stop being a procrastinator over night but if I stick with the techniques shown, I can have better time management. I have started using two master calendars one for work since we have deadlines every month that need to be completed on a timely basis. We also have events that are planned months in advance so this can help me to not overwork myself through out the month and to visually see what is going on for the month with out guessing. I have also should people that I work with this idea and others are using this technique also. The other master calendar is for school it has my class schedule, KGA due dates, and exam date on it. I look at the assignment that is due and add study and prep time to my master calendar because I can not forget my focus is my degree everything else comes secondary. I also have started using my student planner that came with my class book more effectively by making sure that I put down everything that is going on from work and school into it not just class activities. This helps me when I am planning work events I can block out time that I know I will not be available. The sue of the planners, calendars, goals setting, and time planning processes shown in this chapter this will make me a stronger student and person.

Chemical and Physical Properties free essay sample

Observe the solubility in hot water. c. Tear off approximately 1/2-cm pieces of both red and blue litmus paper. d. Allow the solution to cool, and using the glass stirring rod, transfer a drop of the solution onto a piece of litmus paper. Record the results. Clean the stirring rod. 5. Third test tube: a. Add a few pipet drops of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to the sample and stir. NOTE: Use the test tube holder\clamp as some reactions are exothermic, i. e. the test tube may get very hot. Record any apparent reaction or solubility. Clean the stirring rod. 6. Fourth test tube: Add a few pipet drops of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) to the sample. Stir. Record any apparent reaction or solubility. Clean the stirring rod. 7. Thoroughly clean and dry all 4 test tubes. Repeat Steps 2 though 6 with the next substance. Experimental Results Substance: Zn Color: Grey Odor: None Effect of Heat: decreases content curled in with lighter color Solub. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemical and Physical Properties or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Or Reaction w/cold H20: No reaction observed / not soluble Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: Prolonged boiling from retained heat/ non soluble Litmus test: None observed Dilute HCI: positive reaction resulting in the formation of gas, carbonation, and darkened Dilute NaOH: creates foggy substance and blackens solid Substance: Cu Color: Copper Odor: None noted Effect of Heat: Turned black Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: not soluble Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: not soluble Litmus test: None observed Dilute HCI: tarnished not observed Dilute NaOH: none observed Substance: Mg Color: Silver Odor: None observed Effect of Heat: increases in dullness Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: no reaction observed/ non soluble Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: increased heat / non soluble Litmus test: no change Dilute HCI: rapid boiling and heat Dilute NaOH: liquid is cloudy Substance: MgO Color: White Odor: None observed Effect of Heat: none observed Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: Soluble Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: Soluble Litmus test: Red paper turned blue / blue no reaction Dilute HCI: Carbonated Soluble Dilute NaOH: Dense Soluble Substance: CuC03 Color: Green Odor: pungent Effect of Heat: turned black Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: slightly murky, but does not appear soluble Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: slightly murky, but none soluble Litmus test: changes blue to red showing slight acidity Dilute HCI: carbonation and soluble Dilute NaOH: turns blue w/ slight soluble Substance: Cu(NO3)2 Color: Blue crystals Odor: slight odor Effect of Heat: melted and turned green Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: turned water blue and is soluble Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: no change observed from the cool water and is soluble Litmus test: blue litmus turned to red for acid Dilute HCI: turned green Dilute NaOH: soluble formed Substance: NaCl Color: white crystals Odor: none observed Effect of Heat: none noted Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: becomes slightly soluble Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: fully soluble Litmus test: red turns to blue indicating that it’s basic Dilute HCI: none observed Dilute NaOH: none observed QUESTIONS: A Did you observe any chemical changes in this experiment? Chemical changes are observed during the experiment B What evidence did you use to decide that something was a chemical change? Indications of chemical changes were preceded by the burning, rusting, ermenting, and decomposing of the substances. As a result, a new substance will have its own unique physical properties C Give at least two examples of chemical changes you observed. Adding colorless sodium hydroxide to blue copper(II) nitrate produces a light blue precipitate Zinc diluted with Hydrogen Chloride is positive for a chemical reaction resulting in the formation of gas, carbonation, and darkened D Classify the following p roperties of sodium metal as physical or chemical: Silver metallic color – physical Turns gray in air – chemical Melts at 98oC physical Reacts explosively with chlorine chemical E Classify the following changes as physical or chemical: Water freezes at OoC – physcical change Baking soda when combined with vinegar produces bubbles:- chemical change Mothballs gradually disappear at room temperature – physical change Ice cubes in a freezer get smaller with time – physical change Baking soda loses mass as it is heated – physical chemical Tarnishing of silver – chemical change F How would you show that dissolving table salt is a physical change? A physical change will not change the composition of a substance. When adding water to a salt, the ions of table salt are hydrated with water molecules which reduced the strong electrostatic forces of the ions. To return salt to the original state, simply remove the hydrated water molecules by boiling the table salt. Conclusions: In a chemical change one or more new substances are formed. The new substance has its own unique identity which is different from the original. It has properties that are different than those of the starting material; in addition, the original materials is not able to be reproduced by physical means.

Guidelines For Writing a Graduate School Essay Sample

Guidelines For Writing a Graduate School Essay SampleA graduate school essay sample should be concise but not too short. It is common for a professor to require that an essay is between three hundred and five hundred words long. Graduate students should also expect their essays to be relatively long, given the length of the requirements.In addition, students should expect their essay to be copied verbatim from the sample. The best option for a student is to get the full essay, which has been designed by a professional writer. It is possible to do a little writing yourself, or you may be able to hire someone to write your thesis statement for you.There are a few other things that the sample should have. First, the sample should contain the title of the essay and the author's name. You should have some examples of what you want to say, as well as some numbers and letters of reference.The sample contains several paragraphs, each of which begins with a statement of purpose. These should include a definition of the topic you wish to write about, what the course's purpose is, why you should write the paper, and the name of the professor you should use. If you are in a new department, your professor should be listed in the letter of reference.Your title should be a single paragraph, which should contain your name and email address. This is followed by your research question. You will have several choices for this, such as 'Why are work and education related?'In your second paragraph, you should discuss the sources and references that support your claim that you have a strong interest in your topic. This is where you write the opening paragraph. This can be your introduction.Students should always begin their research in the middle of the second paragraph. They should provide evidence of the result they seek. Following the middle paragraph, you should present a thesis statement.The graduate school essay sample should also include a table of contents. After you have com pleted your assignment, you should have a final draft of the essay, which you can use to present to your advisor.

Time Philosophy Essays - Philosophy Of Time, Grammatical Tenses

Time Philosophy The temporal world in which we live encompasses everything we know. All of our knowledge comes from a trust of five and a half billion people that have no idea where they came from, and no idea where they are headed; a world of blind leading blind. A vital component of this reality exists in a form that is neither provable, nor ideal. This supposedly perfect form of measurement, known as time, runs our lives until we fall so far behind that our bodies finally give out and die. This merciless device, described in three forms, past, present and future, drives on as you read these words. These three simple words hold all the power ever known on earth. They are the essential elements to our lives as well as the formula that keeps us mortal. Without it, perhaps, we could not exist; maybe we would become immortal, like gods. At present, we are all in the process of trying to accomplish something; a task, action, or lack thereof. At any given instance, the present exists. One can choose any moment in history, and, at some time, it had existed in the form of the present. Also, in the mind of the person remembering this moment in the past, it exists as present in that particular memory. How can we know that the definition of the word present actually establishes this instant in time? The instant itself only lasts for zero time before subsequent moments follow. How can one define what a word means if one cannot observe the object it represents? Right as one realizes what this present consists of, it leaves his world, a new present moment replacing it, departing before it is realized as well. This process has always occurred, always will. All societies have blindly accepted this curse of never knowing when one can trust this manmade idea to exist in any form but theory. All of the history we can possibly believe to be positively true is that of what we experience. How can we as individuals fillied with cynicism absolutely accept as truth the supposed facts only relayed to us by strangers? All of the text books, documents, and lectures contain both infestations of opinion and, more importantly, second hand accounts of an event one cannot experience first hand. Therefore, present is the only frame in time that the current human race can trust fully as true. Both the past and the future, for different reasons, diverge from the present because of the fact that one cannot assume that they ever have taken place, or ever will. Comparatively, the past consists of moments that have lived and died. It presents itself as a string of dead presents. Only two things signify the past: memory and past tense. In no other mode of thinking can one express past. Even if one could possibly travel back into time, that person would never actually reach the past, for when that individual reaches any moment in time, in their point of view, they are in the present. Therefore, one can only visualize the past, but can never become it. This is the argument that disproves the existence of the past. One can never achieve it. On the other hand, one can achieve the near future. One cannot even be sure that the past, even the last few seconds, ever has existed. If God, or whatever created the universe, did so at this very instance, and created the memories that all of humanity possess right now, humanity would never know because they remember many years worth of the 'past.' In this twisted mode of thought, past and future converge; with the uncertainty of whether each had or will ever exist. Past differs with the future for three other reasons as well:, thought, future tense, and free will. Many think of the past as a series of mistakes, a voodoo doll for any to stab. With reminders of failures and chances not taken, humans have a tendency to treat the past as a pile of dust that will not fit under the rug. The past may appear tainted, but the future holds boundless possibilities. In no other domain of time does free will take refuge. The blessing, and curse, of free will holds all the positive, or negative, prospects that saturate an open mind. The future exists for two main reasons: to take up time otherwise wasted, and for an empty slate to make up for the losses in the past. The uncertainty

Free Essays on Pitt And The Radicals

â€Å"The weakness of the radical movement was the most important reason why Pitt survived the revolutionary threat to his government in the period 1789-1801†- how far do you agree with this statement? It could be argued that the radical movement was sparked off by the differences in opinion of Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine. Their differences in opinion caused a debate, which was to create a hoard of revolutionary movements and organisations. Paine’s book led to the creation of the London Corresponding Society, a large radical movement that threatened Pitt’s authority, in his mind. Soon, a whole host of movements were holding meetings and publishing leaflets about reform up and down the country. Needless to say the government was worried about this sudden demand for reform, but how much of a threat were these radical movements? The radicals certainly seemed a threat to the government, with the war disturbing trade and increasing taxes for the middle and working classes. Poor harvests and increased taxes caused food prices to be higher, coupled with lower wages, things were difficult for the working and middle classes. This helped the radical movements spread the word as they had an audience that was ready to listen to them because of the circumstances of the time. But what seemed the biggest threat were the corresponding societies. Shoemaker Thomas Hardy founded the largest one, the London Corresponding Society. They were a threat to the government because they called for radical changes within the government, but also because their popularity was growing within the working class, which could put pressure on the government. Their conventions in Edinburgh were seen as a threat as they seemed to have their own alternative government. Corresponding societies were springing up everywhere. The society in Sheffield brought 5000 people onto the streets to celebrate the French victory at Valmy. They also brought a similar number onto ... Free Essays on Pitt And The Radicals Free Essays on Pitt And The Radicals â€Å"The weakness of the radical movement was the most important reason why Pitt survived the revolutionary threat to his government in the period 1789-1801†- how far do you agree with this statement? It could be argued that the radical movement was sparked off by the differences in opinion of Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine. Their differences in opinion caused a debate, which was to create a hoard of revolutionary movements and organisations. Paine’s book led to the creation of the London Corresponding Society, a large radical movement that threatened Pitt’s authority, in his mind. Soon, a whole host of movements were holding meetings and publishing leaflets about reform up and down the country. Needless to say the government was worried about this sudden demand for reform, but how much of a threat were these radical movements? The radicals certainly seemed a threat to the government, with the war disturbing trade and increasing taxes for the middle and working classes. Poor harvests and increased taxes caused food prices to be higher, coupled with lower wages, things were difficult for the working and middle classes. This helped the radical movements spread the word as they had an audience that was ready to listen to them because of the circumstances of the time. But what seemed the biggest threat were the corresponding societies. Shoemaker Thomas Hardy founded the largest one, the London Corresponding Society. They were a threat to the government because they called for radical changes within the government, but also because their popularity was growing within the working class, which could put pressure on the government. Their conventions in Edinburgh were seen as a threat as they seemed to have their own alternative government. Corresponding societies were springing up everywhere. The society in Sheffield brought 5000 people onto the streets to celebrate the French victory at Valmy. They also brought a similar number onto ...

HR Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

HR Strategy - Essay Example It meant laying off part of the work force, sometimes indiscriminately as far as the employees’ functions were concerned, amounting to a hermorrhage of critical talent the company sorely needed to recover. This time around, during the financial crisis of 2007 and the subsequent recession, human resources managers are approaching their task of rationalizing their company’s workforce with a greater view towards the subsequent repercussions. This paper shall examine how human resources planning, flexibility, and recruitment take place in the context of an economic recession. According to Goss, recessions and trade crises enhance the challenges of the international competitive environment. Emphasis in planning shifted to survival mode and generally aimed at coping, resuting in downsizing, finding greater efficiencies, building ‘leaner and fitter’ organizations. It meant lay-offs, rethinking production processes and rationalizing them, and improving managerial control mechanisms. Industries undergo a â€Å"shake-out† where some leading companies, because they were debt-ridden, fall out, new leaders (usually those less leveraged and more cash-rich) emerge, and the fittest who survive move up. Emphasis was placed on value in all expenditures. Clements reported on the result of a recent survey conducted among HR managers, directors and professionals. Some firms saw opportunity in the crisis situation, and aimed not only at coping but in taking advantage of the situation to restructure and consolidate for the eventual recovery which is sure to happen sooner or later. Organizations in general became flatter, with emphasis placed on flexibility, adaptiveness and change, decentralization and devolution of responsibility to cost and profit centres, and a hard look at the strengths and weaknesses that impacted upon the effectiveness of the organization. Management of people tended towards greater participation and commitment,

Discuss three factors that explain why employees tend to become Essay

Discuss three factors that explain why employees tend to become unmotivated to do their jobs - Essay Example Organizations are essentially formulating and implementing strategies that seek to ensure job satisfaction among the employees. In this regard it has become essential for organizations to ensure motivation among the employees as it would lead to greater job satisfaction that would lead to generational of organizational excellence. Analysis The efficiency of an organization is directly linked to the extent to which the employees put their efforts in the workplace. The extent to which employees do so is directly linked to the levels of motivation of the employees. This has made it necessary to determine aspects that tend to de-motivate employees in an organization so as to formulate strategies that seek to ward off practices that can lead to employee de-motivation. Among the top three factors that generate employee dissatisfaction include improper working conditions, poor employee compensation and benefits and organizational policies (Brounstein, 2000). Improper working conditions in a n organization include lack of hygiene in the workplace, improper lighting, and not providing basic amenities to the employees working in an organization. Compensation is a very critical area that has the most significant impact on the motivation levels of employees.

Helping Children Improve their Self-Esteem Essay Example for Free

Helping Children Improve their Self-Esteem Essay To have a healthy sense of self-esteem is what most parents would want their young children to have. Special emphasis is given to self-esteem because parents know that self- esteem has a powerful effect on communication behavior. Also, many observers believe that at the bottom of the many societal problems lie in low self-esteem. Adler and Towne added that â€Å"people with high self esteem are more willing to communicate that people with low self-esteem† (48). Although self-esteem has been studied and scrutinized for many years already, specialists and educators still argue about its nature and development. Even so, they all generally agree that parents and other adults who are important to children play a major role in laying a solid foundation for a childs development. So what or how is self-esteem defined and illustrated in the different social contexts? Self-esteem is said to be a part of self concept that involves evaluations of self worth. The basics of self-esteem laid early in life when infants develop attachments with those who are responsible for them. Babies learn to feel loved and valued when those who look after them readily respond to their cries and smiles. By being loved and accepted by the people they idolize, children come to feel loved and accepted too. Also, parents and teachers can help their children to build healthy self-esteem by teaching good values, expressing appreciation, giving challenges, and coping with defeats. As children become increasingly sensitive to evaluations by their peers, parents and teachers can be very instrumental in fostering positive relationships with the children’s peers. You can also help the child by being clear about good values and keeping the communication lines open about experiences outside the home. When adults respond to the childs interests and efforts with appreciation rather than just praise, a childs sense of self-worth is more likely to deepen. Imagine this, when your child shows interest in something you are doing, you might want to include the child in the activity. In this manner, you respond positively to your childs interest by treating it seriously. On the contrary, flattery and praise can sometimes distract children from the topics they are interested in because children may develop a habit of expressing interest in a subject matter just to receive flattery. Tasks and activities that offer a real challenge than from those that are merely playful or funs are more likely to benefit children from. Involving the children in doing house hold chores will help boost self-esteem because it will give the children a sense of accomplishment. Cutright also put emphasis that rather than emphasizing constant successes and triumphs, parents and teachers can help the child develop and maintain healthy self-esteem by helping him or her cope with defeats. When love and support remain unchanged during times of disappointment or crisis, the childs weakened self-esteem can be strengthened when parents or teachers let the child feel that. As a conclusion, parents and teachers can play a significant role in strengthening childrens self-esteem by treating them respectfully, taking their views and opinions seriously, and expressing appreciation to them. Also, parents must keep in mind that self-esteem is an important part of every childs development. Reference: Adler, Ronald B. , and Neil Towne. Looking out/looking in interpersonal communication. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978. Cutright, Melitta. Self-esteem: the key to a childs success and happiness. PTA Today 17 (1992): 5-6.

A Case for Open Borders Essay -- Human Right Argumentative Persuasive

A Case for Open Borders In his address to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson declared freedom of the seas in times of peace and war. Looking back, it seems ridiculous to think that anyone could challenge the right of individuals to navigate the oceans freely. However, fast-forward to the twenty-first century and we can see an analogous debate over the issue of immigration rights, with territorial borders being the main topic of discussion. The system of immigration in the United States is complex and oftentimes restrictive, and while revisions to the system usually include increasing quotas or other solutions to let in certain groups of people who deserve special consideration (such as those whose skills are needed in a particular field), they are still very limited solutions. The obvious question that arises from letting in some people but not others is that of fairness. Is the accident of birth or luck of being in the right place at the right time enough to justi fy restrictive citizenship to a select few? I would argue not. I intend to argue that a commitment to human rights entails the position that borders ought to be open in order to guarantee other human rights, especially the right to migrate. In order to understand why a commitment to human rights includes a commitment to open borders, we must understand why the right to migrate is a human right. This can be proven with a simple logical syllogism. We must first assume that all individuals have equal natural rights in the state of natural law, or the very primitive sense of man before government was formed. Locke defines the state of natural law as â€Å"a state of equality†¦ all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one h... ...of his statement, however, Walzer is claiming that fulfilling this urgent need (or right) should only be done if it is convenient to the other party. This is a contradiction to human rights, as they should be inherent and not â€Å"granted† but demanded â€Å"without embarrassment or shame† . Indeed, restricting borders is the act of convenience and if it is done for reasons other than emergencies (such as possible spread of infectious diseases) is a violation of a human being’s right to migrate. Giving rights to citizens for the sole reason of being citizens and denying citizenship to some effectively denies rights to that group. Human rights belong to individuals, not citizens. Humanity has faced so many obstacles to human rights that it will surely transcend lines on maps, because we are committed to human rights and this entails a commitment to a position of open borders.

African sham marriages in the UK Essay

Introduction Acknowledgements                      I would like to thank the following people for their continued support to make the completion of this dissertation a success. My supervisor Harpreet for her continuous advice and guidance through the project, my sociology tutor Hasnain for imparting and equipping me with the necessary knowledge to undertake this project and John the dissertation tutor for his continued advice as I worked through the project. My friends Charity, Becky and Emma for their continued moral support while working on this. My parents too for are highly appreciated for their support. Above all God for making it possible.Statistics from the immigration department in the UK reveal that up to 40,000 visa clearances into the UK were granted on the grounds of family. In comparison to this, 300,000 visas were issued for study purposes and 140000 for work obligations. Most of the visas issued to the UK for family members are those of accompanying marriage partners or fiancà © inst ead of close relationship with the children CITATION Dav01 l 1033 (Jacobs, 2001). This statistical evidence point on the need for the UK government to deal with the increased abuse of right of movement by people into the UK in the name of marriage partnerships of convenience. This is so because of the ease of those moving into the UK beating the stringent immigration controls. The increase in the number of people abusing these immigration laws increase the urgency of dealing with sham marriages especially from Africans moving into the UK. These kinds of marriages of convenience are often used by those whose live in the UK has expired or close to expiry and have often exhausted all available means of extending their stay in the country. Most of the motivation for engaging in these sham marriages activities includes the financial gain from such activities. This paper will therefore have an in-depth examination of the concepts of sham marriages in the UK. An examination of the factors that influence African minorities to engage in such practices will be done. Immigration policies in the UK and existing literature on Sham marriages will be analyzed in addition to sociological reason for the existence of Sham marriages CITATION Tar10 l 1033 (Janoski, 2010). The UK legal system, it is not a criminal offence to engage in sham marriage but rather the prosecution is done of crimes that are related to the offences committed. These include perjury, immigration conspiracy and bigamy. In the event that an immigrant makes an application for entry into the UK and makes claim of civil partnership and it is discovered to be a sham then the person would be ejected from the UK. The UK has put in place different mechanisms and provisions to deal with such cases of people entering the UK through sham marriages. Such measures include scrutiny of these marriages to determine if they are indeed legitimate. Upon discovery of such arrangements being a sham and only a tool of beating the immigration rules certain penalties are applied to them like deterrence which will prevent them from commission of the offences in future. The following are the practices that must be put in place to deal with this menace this include giving the relevant authorities the power to stop a marriage from taking place as soon as discovery is made that it is a sham marriage. A proper definition of what constitutes a marriage should be given in order to properly identify a marriage that is of convenience. Family migration into the UK is quite a common phenomenon. This has happened historically for quite a long time since the early 1960’s. Since then it has become a huge source of immigration into the UK. The integration of the new migrants is dependent on the efforts of the migrants and the social political and economic conditions that are prevalent in the UK. Efforts to restrict the entry of certain migrants into the UK are quite questionable with questions being raised as to whether it is a violation of human rights through the restriction of freedom of movement. Methodology A combination of primary research and secondary research was used for data collection. The under laying research was conducted in order to establish the ability of using web questionnaires as a quantitative method in analyzing married people behaviors as opposed to the traditional use of support-administered questionnaires. For data gathering purposes with focus on couple’s behaviors, the research utilized the use of web questionnaires as quantitative approach with a tally of 40 couples constituting of both males and females. The findings and conclusions credibility is extensively dependent on the research design quality, data collection and management and the final analysis of the data collected. In justifying the means in which the study results were to be obtained, discussed in the underlying chapters are the procedures and methods exploited with a basis on description of data obtained, how the data obtained is to be processed/analyzed, its interpretation and final correlation of collected data to come up with a credible conclusion. Explicitly, the research w ill cover; research design to be utilized and methods, data collection materials, respondents to be analyzed and the data analysis process. Research Method                      Data collected form an online web-based questionnaire will be analyzed after a cumulated period of 14 days after administration of online questionnaires to individual couples. No contact was made between the primary investigator and the couples but they were rather handed sealed envelopes containing consent forms. Those who were inclined to participate after acquisition of consent were top use a link provided in the information sheet sealed in the envelope that guided them to the online questionnaire platform. The platform was designed to give a 14 day open window for questionnaire completion since distribution date with an approximated questions estimated to take around 10 minutes that included a series of variables. The adapted variables will then be scored on the five point Likert scale on the basis of (1=Never, 2 = Not Often, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Often, 5 = Always). Statistical Analysis                      Descriptive and correlated analyses were carried out on all variables with express emphasis being laid on reckless behavior analyses to describe common characteristics among participants. Chi-square tests came into play here to pint out a comparison in the socio-demographics of the study defined as age, gender and cultural identity of the participants in the study. Just like all women in the UK, the immigrant women are highly risked individuals prone to any form of domestic violence. Because of their status it is difficult to report their abuse. The immigrant women who end up in the UK through illegal ways like human trafficking. They, therefore, feel trapped in these abusive relationships because of the stringent laws of immigration, social discrimination, language barrier and lack of financial resources. There have been efforts by the federal UK to pass legislation that is aimed at protecting the immigrant from all forms of domestic violence. The federal laws have opened up safe and new ways to gain citizenship in UK. The domestic abuse issues on immigrant women are still thorny not only to the immigrant women but also women in the UK. Most of the immigrant women that victims of domestic violence are Latinas and Koreans. More so, the brunt of domestic violence is borne by married immigrant women than the unmarried immigrant women CITATION Lou04 l 1033 (Marshall, 2004). The most common form of blackmail in this kind of abusive is the immigration status as a control tool. This is a common tool that makes the partners in these relationships to stay put. This further prolongs the abuse in such a relationship. The immigrant women often are prone to a high rate of abuse because they of the mere fact that they originate form cultures that allow domestic violence and due to the fact that they less access to social and legal services compared to the legal citizens of the UK . Immigrant women who are battered and make attempts to flee the country cannot have access to shelter, food or financial assistance. The barriers the battered women face include the fact that they may not have limited access to a certified court interpreter while reporting any battering complains to the police. Another hurdle they encounter is the difficulty they encounter in the acquisition of information relating to the legal system and their rights CITATION Son09 l 1033 (Sydney, 2009). There have been various efforts to eliminate this violence against immigrant women. The bills have been made into law. The laws are aimed at the reduction of domestic violence in UK. The laws are intended to make the women to report any form of abuse leveled against them to the relevant authorities. These laws are aimed at making some specific protections against the immigrants. These laws are meant to cover even the gay and lesbian community. The laws clearly define the right to obtain some legal protection from the consent. That any person regardless of the legal status has the right to be freed from an abusive spouse. Victims of domestic abuse in UK are to have access to any help offered by the government. These services by the government include interpretation, safety planning, counseling, emergency planning and medical care. If an immigrant does not qualify to get legal representation then the law requires the provision of a legal officer to assist in the resolving of any domestic violence dispute CITATION LEd05 l 1033 (Purcell, 2005). There are several endeavors by the UK governments to make amendments on laws that would protect the immigrant women from any form of domestic violence. The question of immigration has become one of the issues subject to debate in most parts of the world. As a matter of fact, it is among the subjects with legislations being proposed and enacted day in day out. Most countries all over the world have very stringent laws concerning this particular issue. The UK therefore is no exception. Through its law making body, it has come up with a number of laws that tend to restrict immigration into the UK. For instance, the naturalization Act extended the time period for non- residents of the UK to become citizens of the UK to fourteen years. The Alien Friends Act gave the prime minister the authority to deport any residents that were considered by the government to cause any danger to the peace and security of the UK. Finally, the Alien Enemies Act gave the prime minister the authority to appre hend and deport alien citizens in the case that their native countries were at war with the UK. These are just but a small percentage if laws that restrict immigration into the UK. Some of them have been repealed and amended. However, they only get more stringent. Why, one would ask, should non-citizens not be allowed into the UK CITATION Lou04 l 1033 (Marshall, 2004). In the case that the government of the UK allows non-citizens into the country of course through loosening the belt a little in terms of legislation, the economy of the UK is bound to become more efficient. This is because the consequence of immigration would be a reduction in the bottlenecks that face the country in terms of labor shortage, both skilled and unskilled CITATION Jop03 l 1033 (Charles, 2003). This would thereby imply that employment opportunities are created both for the immigrants and the Native Americans. Skilled labor supply in the UK takes a bell shape. This simply implies that there are a high number of people equipped with various skills for various fields but at the same time, there are still an equally high number of unskilled people. This calls for immigration of skilled labor into the country so as to balance the two. Immigrant labor force constitutes about 16 percent of the total labor force in the country. Moreover, in the case that immigration legislations are made less bureaucratic, a conducive environment for investors would be created. Entrepreneurs would be encouraged to come to the country and thereby explore the underutilized resources in the country to their full potential. This would also encourage foreign investors to make an investment in the country. The effects of increased investment to the Gross Domestic Product of a country are known, all positive. CITATION Joh02 l 1033 (Higham, 2002)A constant and sustained rise in the GDP of a country is the true meaning of economic growth and development. Foreign investment also creates employment opportunities for both the citizens and non-citizens of a country. This simply implies that there would be a rise in the per capita income of the country. It is very important to note that increased investment implies increased savings and thereby the credit facilities are also increased. All these point to the economic growth and developme nt of a country. CITATION LEd05 l 1033 (Purcell, 2005)In the event that the UK government allows non- citizens of the country into the country, it would promote cultural interaction and peaceful co-existence to some extent. It is ‘to some extent’ since later in the paper, we shall see how immigration could disrupt the peace that exists within a certain country. The world has a very great population and as such, a lot of diversities exist among the inhabitants of the world. As such, there are bound to be certain prejudices that exist about certain communities, their beliefs and so on and so forth. CITATION TGL10 l 1033 (Lagos, 2010)The best way to deal with such prejudices would be to create a platform through which various people from various parts of the world interact so as to understand each other’s cultures thereby demystifying certain myths and misconceptions that have for a long time been exaggerated. Immigration is one such platform. At the end of the day, peaceful co-existence between people or groups of people from varied social, cultural and economic backgrounds will be achieved. Critics could dispute this school of thought by attempting to compare peaceful co-existence with the cost on security that immigration comes with. CITATION Lou04 l 1033 (Marshall, 2004)Allowing non – citizens into the UK promotes the growth of the military force of the country. It has been recorded that non US citizens have served in the UK army since the time of the Revolutionary War. This implies that this group of people has served in the army for a very long time now. CITATION Rat90 l 1033 (Jekkins, 1990) Every year, there are about 8000 non UK citizens who enroll into the army. However, the military force is indeed a very sensitive section in the defense forces. As such, these non- citizens are subject to a lot of scrutiny and analysis and as such, they are expected to meet a number of requirements. This is owed to the sensitivity of this part icular department. There are certain posts and ranks beyond which a non-citizen cannot serve in the US army. In essence, each rank comes with its own minimal requirements. However, the current government has made attempts to give automatic citizenship to those non-citizens that have served in the UK army. This process, however, is still underway. However, this is a very critical area of security, not just in the UK but in most parts of the world generally. As a result, security, or rather, insecurity, is the main reason as to why there exist stringent laws that restrict immigration into a country. This takes us to the next segment of this paper, where the associated bottlenecks of immigration will be discussed. CITATION LEd05 l 1033 (Purcell, 2005)Indiscriminant immigration is the mother of all the security issues that are witnessed in any country. As a result, the government tries to make laws on immigration more stringent day in day out. The security of a country is one very sensi tive area. CITATION Dav01 l 1033 (Jacobs, 2001) As a matter of fact, the performance of a government is more often than not determined through the achievements it has made in security. At the end of the day, matters security is given number one priority at the expense of any other issue. Terror attacks are more often than not, facilitated by non-citizens of a country. The terrorists attacks 5that took place on the 11th of September in the US had a very great impact on the history of immigration. This is because each and every of the attackers that were able to be identified with respect to this particular attack was foreign born. They were all non- citizens of the America. After these attacks, the government of the UK targeted to ensure that the bar on immigration was raised even higher. As a result, there was the need of creation of policies and enactment of pieces of legislation that by all means, restricted immigration to the latter. This was indeed a period of anti- immigration. It is very important to note however, that at the end of the day, this particular reaction of the government towards immigration was not fruitful at all. This is attributed to the voice of the civil society that is by all means finding its way to the ears of the government. Advocates of civil rights have put forward their argument that the government could be going too far by enacting extra stringent laws that seek to limit or hinder immigration. According to this particular group, the government is, in the process, violating the rights and freedoms of immigrants. CITATION Tar10 l 1033 (Janoski, 2010) The government tends to be focusing more on investigations involving immigrants as opposed to focusing on the severity it is imposing on immigration through the policies that it comes up with. At this point in time therefore, the country is experiencing one of the greatest challenges of civil rights ever. This calls for an immediate remedy. In the case that the government of the UK allows indiscriminate immigration into the country, there would arise the problem of population upsurge. Through the restriction of immigration, the government is in one way or another trying to control the population of its country. Currently, the population of the citizens of the UK of America is rising at a very fast rate. CITATION Son09 l 1033 (Sydney, 2009) The implications of population growth arte one too many, some positive, some negative, with the negative taking a greater proportion. For instance, increased population growth creates a strain on the already scarce social and economic resources. In the event that immigration is not restricted or rather it is guarded by less stringent laws, the extra population would inflate this problem even further. Population growth, moreover, also strains the government. CITATION Joh02 l 1033 (Higham, 2002)The government is charged with the responsibility of service provision. Just like in the case of resources, an extra population would further compound this problem. Therefore, the government tries to control the problem of population upsurge even as it restricts immigration. The government could also aim at establishing, or rather implementing quarantine when it restricts immigration. CITATION Dav01 l 1033 (Jacobs, 2001) Quarantine is the process by which the government restricts the immigration more especially of non- citizens from a country that has been affected by a certain epidemic. This way, it is able to prevent the spread of a certain disease that could be rather harmful to its citizens. A good example is the recent restriction of people from African countries that had been affected by the Ebola virus. This was purely for the good of the people of the UK, considering the severity of this virus. CITATION LEd05 l 1033 (Purcell, 2005)Immigration could dilute the cultural identity of a country, unemployment as well as the depreci8ation of wages in a country. Wages are d etermined in the labor market. As a matter of fact, wages have an inverse relationship with labor, that is, the availability of labor. When labor is easily and readily available, the wages are low. The inverse is also true. When labor is not readily available, the wages are usually high. In the event that non-citizens are indiscriminately allowed into the UK, this would mean that there would be a high supply of labor. As such, labor would be easily and readily available at the end of the day thereby creating a downward pressure on the wages. CITATION Rat90 l 1033 (Jekkins, 1990)This, at the end of the day, would affect both the citizens and non-citizens of the country since they are all part of the labor market. This is a major setback to the economic development of any country as it greatly affects the GDP of a country as well as the Per Capita Income. CITATION Joh02 l 1033 (Higham, 2002) Cultural dilution could also occur as a result of indiscriminate immigration into a country ba sed on citizenship. As seen earlier, indiscriminate immigration would promote the elimination of prejudices that people could have about certain cultures. However, it could in the same way, dilute the cultures of the native land. This is bound to be experienced especially where there is a lot of interaction between the natives and the immigrants. The natives tend to adopt the mannerisms of the immigrants. Through this, a country ends up losing its cultural identity. Final is the problem of unemployment. In one way or another, this is connected with labor. Indiscriminate immigration leads to growth of the labor market as seen earlier. This labor could be both skilled and unskilled. Whichever way, there is bound to be increased manpower. CITATION Dav01 l 1033 (Jacobs, 2001) However, the increased manpower is not necessarily in areas where there was a shortage of labor. In any case, the increased manpower would disrupt the equilibrium that already exists in the labor market. At the end of the day, the supply of labor is too high to the extent that there is a surplus leading to the problem of unemployment. From the analysis above, it is possible to put the benefits as well as the challenges that would come with the government of the UK allowing immigration. As a result, it can be concluded that this act would have its advantages as well as its limitations. However, the downside of less stringent policies on immigration outweighs the advantages or rather the benefits. At the end of the day, immigration would promote growth of labor, cultural integration and so on but at the expense of other issues that are very important to any country, security topping the list. CITATION Lou04 l 1033 (Marshall, 2004)The recommendation arrived at by this research paper would be a slight change in the policies that restrict immigration. Basically, the government should, by all means adjust the policies that it comes up with so as to ensure that the rights of the immigrants are protected but at the same time, the rights of the native citizens are protected as well. This strikes a balance between the right s and freedoms of the two groups. Moreover, the government should also ensure effective implementation of the already existing policies to the latter. Results                      According to the Asylum Act of 1999, the immigration registration officers were required by law to furnish the Home office with evidence in the event that they suspected a marriage was sham and was only made possible for purposes of beating the immigration system. Since 2001, the following figures show the number of reported suspected cases of sham. Year Number of reported suspicious marriages 2001 752 2002 1205 2003 2648 2004 3578 2005 452 2006 282 2007 384 2008 344 2009 561 2010 934 2011 1741 2012 1891 2013 986 From this tabular presentation, it is clear that in 2005 there was a reduction in the number of reported cases of suspicious sham marriages. This is attributed to the government policy of introduction of certificate of approval. Upon suspicion of a marriage being a sham, the immigration officials were legally allowed to make a home visit to the couple’s house to determine if indeed the marriage was genuine. This could lead to arrest of the individuals if it was proved that their relationship was ingà ©nuine. Prosecution and charging in court for the crime of facilitation of illegal immigration would then follow/ There have been different proposal on the amendment of the marriage Act that would result in the alteration of the procedure of marriage notice. The period of notice is proposed to be changed to two weeks from the initial 3 weeks. The notice by license that was initially a day was got rid of. It was mandatory for people to give notice of their nationality and residence this would be beneficial to get rid of the concept of sham marriages. The scheme of certificate of approval was used as a government strategy to get rid of sham marriages in the UK. It was somewhat successful in dealing with sham marriages. The procedure was such that those without leave or with 3 or 6 months remaining at their application time were automatically denied marrying permission. This translated to a reduction on reports of sham marriages as shown in the table below: Year Received application Issued Denied 2005 13,865 9,725 2,092 2006 17,955 14,569 1,024 2007 17,316 14,518 409 2008 18,720 16,114 734 2009 24,042 19,835 1,517 2010 23,052 13,749 876 From this statistics, the number of marriages fell by 10 percent between 2004 and 2005. This was as a result of the introduction of certificate of approval that was aimed at reduction on the number of sham marriages. The introduction made it impossible for sham marriages to thrive hence the reduction in the number of marriage in those said years. However this has met a lot of opposition from the human rights activist who consider it a violation of human rights thus leading to its eventual abolition in totality. Since 2003, there have been several changes to rules of immigration increasing the period from I year to 2 years for one to settle in the UK on the basis of marriage. This period later increased to five years in 2012 in give a better test of relationship genuineness so that settlement in the UK can be based on the relationship. Several operations have resulted in arrests of different nationals in relation to sham marriages. The following are some of the results of people experiences in relation to the arrest on sham marriages. In an operation between the Dutch government and the UK that was aimed at arresting Dutch nationals who were in collusion with some Nigerian nationals in order to allow them stay in the UK. This led to around 130 arrests in both countries with 77 convictions on sham marriages some serving a jail term of up to 100 years for the crime. This led to extradition of Dutch nationals for colluding to fraud the immigration authorities in sham marriages arrangements. This operation also revealed other crimes that were committed by these individuals who engage in sham marriages. Some of the crime uncovered includes money laundering, sexual assault and human trafficking.Factors that contribute to such behaviors by minoritiesCriminology scholars have divergent views on terrorism and organized crim e with some describing them as two different crime forms. Terrorism is chiefly driven by ideology and the need for a political revolution. On the other hand, organized crime focuses on acquisition of economic profit through illegal market mechanisms. In recent years there have been efforts to link the two criminal activities. This started after the discovery that proceeds made from sales of drugs by some criminal gangs were used to fund terrorist activities. This was as an effort to advance a particular political agenda. Terrorism therefore benefited from organized crime in the sense that they got funding or their activities of the illegal businesses operated by these criminal gangs. The symbiotic relationship between organized crime and terrorism has been in existence spanning numerous of decades. Because of the absence of financial means of supporting terrorist activities, the terrorists involve themselves in different forms of lucrative crimes through organized crime. The denial by authorities on accessing means to conduct the terrorist activities, there involvement in crime is a way to procure the means of carrying out their activities. Numerous ways of human exploitation and participation in illegal markets are prerequisites of carrying out successful terrorist activities. Crime therefore has become a means to an end for terrorist because of lack of enough financing sources. Following the attack on the United States in September 2011 close links have been made between terrorism and transnational organized crime, money laundering, illegal drug and arms trafficking. It is the collaboration between illegal arms traffickers and terrorists that is fueling the terrorism activities even more. This is because the terrorists use the acquired firearms and nuclear bombs to instigate their terror activities thus promoting their political or religious agenda. There is increasing concern in an effort to understand the way terrorist fund their activities through criminal activities. These efforts are to solve and to find mechanisms to prevent or even disrupt these criminal activities in order to prevent terrorism. Most of these organized criminal activities like member recruitment, violence incitation, hiding of sources of funding and fundraising have been criminalized all over the world. Emerging forms of terrorism today are based on markets of violence and illicit economies. This has been influenced by the increasing conflicts between the world superpowers. The terrorist groups are able to gain advantage by exerting violence more in an effort to gain some reputation as being a violent group of people. The terrorists are able to finance their activities through shadow economies. The shadow economies are driven by their own by laws setting standards for themselves on smuggling and trafficking. The shadow economies created by these terror gr oups are also controlled by the demand for their illegal merchandise. The shadow economies are concerned with immigrant trafficking, drug markets, money laundering In recent years there has been an emergence of transnational communities that interact beyond specific geographical boundaries in solidarity. The emergence of these transnational communities of criminal will be the focus of this research paper with an in-depth analysis of Russian Mafia groups and their relationship to Terrorism. These organized crime groups have a clear set of networks and scamming that have explored new forms of violence. They have abundant resource for recruitment. These organized criminal gangs have developed some sophisticated organizational system where their intention is to dominate a place then champion for their own political agenda. Another strategy they employ is Internationalization where their ideologies are spread across borders thereby getting more followers hence promoting their terror activities. The gangs are sophisticated in terms of strategies and tactics. This entails the adoption of a new technology and weaponry in their activities. The convergence between terrorism and organized crime occurs through networking and cross border networks. This is done through huge investments and physical infrastructure rather through hierarchical organization. These networks offer the criminals flexibility, diversity and low visibility to the authorities. The network core values are enhanced by trust between its members and shared religious or other values. Despite the numerous reservations terror groups have as regards to their ideology and calling, they still participate in drug trade despite their blatant disregard of criminal activities. The terror groups are driven by the ideology mostly religion believes in their acts of terror being a calling from God. Through these ideologies, terrorists are able to attach a cause for their motive of engaging in the heinous acts. Most of the drugs originate from Middle East countries therefore the terrorist take advantage of the trade to finance their activities. In some instances, drugs are used as currency in committing acts of terrorism. The convergence between terrorism and organized crime occurs through networking and cross border networks. This is done through huge investments and physical infrastructure rather through hierarchical organization. These networks offer the criminals flexibility, diversity and low visibility to the authorities. The network core values are enhanced by trust between its members and shared religious or other values. Numerous ways of human exploitation and participation in illegal markets are prerequisites of carrying out successful terrorist activities. Crime therefore has become a means to an end for terrorist because of lack of enough financing sources. Following the attack on the United States in September 2011 close links have been made between terrorism and transnational organized crime, money laundering, illegal drug and arms trafficking. It is the collaboration between illegal arms traffickers and terrorists that is fueling the terrorism activities even more. This is because the t errorists use the acquired firearms and nuclear bombs to instigate their terror activities thus promoting their political or religious agenda. There is increasing concern in an effort to understand the way terrorist fund their activities through criminal activities. These efforts are to solve and to find mechanisms to prevent or even disrupt these criminal activities in order to prevent terrorism. Most of these organized criminal activities like member recruitment, violence incitation, hiding of sources of funding and fundraising have been criminalized all over the world. Emerging forms of terrorism today are based on markets of violence and illicit economies. This has been influenced by the increasing conflicts between the world superpowers. The network core values are enhanced by trust between its members and shared religious or other values. Numerous ways of human exploitation and participation in illegal markets are prerequisites of carrying out successful terrorist activities. Crime therefore has become a means to an end for terrorist because of lack of enough financing sources. Following the attack on the United State s in September 2011 close links have been made between terrorism and transnational organized crime, money laundering, illegal drug and arms trafficking. It is the collaboration between illegal arms traffickers and terrorists that is fueling the terrorism activities even more. The terrorist groups are able to gain advantage by exerting violence more in an effort to gain some reputation as being a violent group of people. The terrorists are able to finance their activities through shadow economies. The shadow economies are driven by their own bylaws setting standards for themselves on smuggling and trafficking. The shadow economies created by these terror groups are also controlled by the demand for their illegal merchandise. The shadow economies are concerned with immigrant trafficking, drug markets, money laundering. It is evident that there is a direct connection between organized crime and terrorism. Therefore, the different stakeholders must unite to fight vice there would be increased terrorism activities throughout the globe. A closer detailed look at the evidence linking terrorism and organized crime raise more speculation about the connection between the two vices. Organized crime will continue to provide the terrorists a continuous stream of income to finance their activities. The forms of crime that not so established terror groups might engage in are low yield and therefore may go undetected authorities. It is therefore a lesson to the authorities to make necessary efforts to try early and curb the terror activities. Poverty as a contributing factor to increase in sham marriagesThe Marxist ideology undermines conditions of production that are required to sustain the never ending capital accumulation. These production conditions include energy, soil, water, and so forth. They also include sufficient public systems of education, general infrastructures, and other services that are not directly produced by capital, but in order for them to accumulate effectively, need capital. When conditions of production get exhausted, the production costs for capital rise. As a result, this second contradiction creates an underproduction crisis trend, with substantial rising cost of labor and inputs, to balance the overproduction trend of too many commodities for too few customers. Similar to Marx’s ambiguity between capital and labor, this second contradiction thus threatens the existence of global equality. These inequalities in under consumption result to unnecessary consumption, a high debt rate and ba nkruptcy. For equality, Income needs be guaranteed and consequently markets will become unnecessary. Communities and elected governments will fairly decide upon the allocation of resources CITATION Sae02 l 1033 ( Saegert, Thompson, & Warren, 2002). Global over-consumption is a situation where use of resources overtakes the sustainable capacity of the environment. Global under-consumption arises due to insufficient consumer demand compared to the amount that got produced. The global imbalance between these two causes widespread problems. Most under-consumption within the globe system is caused by social inequity and economic deprivation. In a world reliant on money, hunger is mainly caused by poverty. Since economic deprivation is a prime cause, not only is economic justice a crucial merit in itself but a vital condition of ecological integrity. The human population has been over consuming, using and abusing the natural resources to points where society is at crossroads. Therefore, as a global population, we are on the verge of unsustainability and extinction. The state subsidies and some global companies distort provision of less nutritious foods by use of liberalist markets. The media emphasize on advertising products with a high amount of sugar and fats. The inactive lifestyle in the present generation makes individuals be laid back with no exercises to do. In a particular aspect of overconsumption, we buy things not to cater for basic needs. We try to satisfy some cavities in our lives and to create prestige about ourselves CITATION Mac09 l 1033 ( MacLeod, 2009). It is quite evident that deprivation as a result of low income early in life sets individuals on a pathway towards diminished occupational and educational achievement. These low income levels are harmful mainly because the expose the communities into environments that are extremely stressful. Low income communities face an astounding array of physical and psychosocial demands that place so much pressure on the capacities to adapt to life situations and tend to be toxic to the development of the brain and general self-esteem later on in adulthood CITATION Mac09 l 1033 ( MacLeod, 2009). The distribution of income among communities in the world clearly shows the looming inequality with some people at the top of the income economy structure while some at the bottom. This translates into poor health, poverty, low levels of education, starvation and reduced levels of life expectancies. A substantial number of poor people in most low status communities live in abject poverty while some people are relatively well-off. There is a significant increase in the economic disparities between the poorest communities and the most affluent communities. This means that the gap between the average citizen in the poorest and the richest communities is growing wider and getting wider and so has the chronic stress associated with low income problems CITATION Mac09 l 1033 ( MacLeod, 2009). From a sociological perspective social structures and social interaction present a crucial and basic understanding of how people in society interrelate and the importance of these relationships. Ideally, it has been argued that both social structures and social interactions are interdependent when it comes to establishing an individual’s identity. This essay will analyze the constant need for human beings to interact for existence while trying to strike a balance between social interaction and social structure in molding people’s identity as a low wage earner. Individuals growing up in low income communities demonstrate lower achievement in most social aspects of life because they are exposed to a wide range of risks. As a result, these risks build upon each other to elevate the levels of chronic stress within the human body and this chronic stress has a direct influence as it hinders overall performance like in academics by compromising the ability of these individuals to develop the required skills needed to better their lives on virtually all aspects of achievement CITATION Sae02 l 1033 ( Saegert, Thompson, & Warren, 2002). Low income communities are characteristic of people living in dire conditions and the political power and interests are often inconsiderate and insensitive and this is worsened the scenario as there is an increased level of diversion of resources. As a result of this, the people in this states lack access to basic health, education and food. Saegert ET all state that â€Å"Social relationships are structure inn society as a powerful determinant of the health status of all members of the society CITATION Mac09 l 1033 ( MacLeod, 2009). Individuals from low income families lag behind their higher income counterparts essentially on almost all achievement measures and this gap tends to increase as time goes by. Besides failure by parents to invest adequate time in cognitively stimulating their children, chronic stress bears the potential to hinder the cognitive functioning of a child and also undermines the development skills that are required to enhance academic achievement. Torre states â€Å"Low-income parents’ chronic stress affects their kids through chronic activation of their children’s immune systems, which taxes available resources and has long-reaching effects.† Basically the entire surrounding environment of low income communities such as schools and homes is often chaotic as the residents as highly exposed to pollution, crowding, inadequate school buildings, noise, poor housing, exposure to crime and violence and high rates of family separation and divorce. Such extreme conditions produce chronic stress that is capable of damaging the brain areas associated with memory, attention and language which are the essential determinants for academic success. Growing up in such environments is highly associated with a significant increase in risk factors and it is this elevated risk that links chronic stress to low income communities. Young infants born into low income communities exhibit health trajectories that indicate elevated levels of chronic stress. There also exists a strong link between chronic stress and achievement. Low income and hence poverty often leads to lower occupational an academic achievement as a result of the numerous risks that children from low income communities which in turn has a negative effect of an individual’s cognitive abilities. Low income communities, including both adults and children face high levels of chronic stress because of the emotional and financial pressures associated with lack of food and access to health care, low wages, inadequate or in some cases lack of transportation and poor housing. Individuals from such communities are linked to chronic stress due difficulty in paying bills or job related demands. Most of them are stressed as a result of their poor health conditions due to lack of access to basic health care and even if they do it may be of low quality. Individuals from low income communities are often associated with low achievement school groups which in turn exposes the to lower life expectations, less capable friends or a less rigorous curriculum. All of these further them to a disadvantage and consequently generates even more significant between group gaps. Such splaying is also attributed to poorer health and cognitive deficits that is generated by chronic stress. As a result, this deficit in cognitive ability and poor health then repeatedly disadvantage Low income communities from one social setting to another. One reason for chronic stress in low income communities is that individuals within that setting lag behind than their high income peers because parents interact with their children in ways that are not conducive for overall achievement. Parents from low income communities tend to be unresponsive and harsh. Therefore despite the fact that low income parents often provide sufficient levels of encouragement and support, their harshness and unresponsiveness however trivial it may be is highly associated with the fact their children will experience a problematic parenting style hence chronic stress CITATION Mac09 l 1033 ( MacLeod, 2009). In essence, family poverty has an effect on stress and this is in one way or another promoted by being exposed to risk. As much as critics would want to find facts that relate risk exposure to poverty, it would be easier to take this psychological relation just as it is. In any case, it has been put down in documents by a couple of investigators that children from disadvantaged or financially unstable families have a relatively higher level of chronic stress as compared to other children. This conclusion was made after it was established that these children have very high levels of blood pressure. Other studies have as well established that these same children possess very high levels of chronic stress hormones, for instance, cortisol. This finding was coupled with the prevalence of overnight urinary stress hormones in a number of disadvantaged children. Wilkinson in his article states â€Å" An antipathy between hierarchical relations across inequalities of power, income, and statu s on the one hand, and supportive social relations between equals on the other, is likely to exert a powerful influence on health.† All these illustrations point to the fact that poverty has a direct linkage to stress. In essence, children from disadvantaged families have high levels of chronic stress. Chronic stress has a number of effects. The effects could either affect one directly or indirectly. The most common effect of chronic stress is its effect on achievement. Chronic stress, to a large extent, affects both the degree and the level of achievement. Several studies have indicated that a great portion of the brain is vulnerable to early childhood deprivation. Some of the parts of the brain that are in this particular category are the language long term memory, executive control as well as long term memory. For this reason, it is crystal clear that the level of achievement of a child is bound to be affected. This is because achievement, in today’s society is determined by education. Education excellence is as a result of good memory as well as diligence. In the case that the brain is affected due to stress for one reason or another, it becomes quite difficult for the child to succeed in future. Generally, it can be deduced that any disadvantages that crop up as a resul t of the social or economic set up that a child is in greatly affect the achievement of the child in question. Poor children are more often than not, exposed to areas that do not promote cognitive stimulation. This, together with the poor parenting styles they are exposed to, discourage achievement. In a nutshell, the physical form of stressors that low income communities face is well documented; individuals in low income communities are exposed to environmental conditions such as harmful waste, water pollution, toxins, ambient air, crowding, residential turnover, poor maintenance and sanitation of their neighborhood, crime and traffic congestion. The psychosocial stressors take the form of significantly higher family turmoil levels, violence, lower routine and structure levels in their lives and parental and family separation. It is therefore quite obvious that a combination and exposure to such factors will definitely lead to chronic stress. The social stratification in society is a leading cause of race relations.   Race and gender intersect with political and economic forces in such a way that any form of discrimination against them denies one equal rights to political participation, franchise and exercise of citizenship because of the underlying distinction. The specific experiences or discrimination that an individual undergoes may influence their rights to education, food, health care or shelter. It is through these dimensions that the relative positions of race and gender create layers of political and economic inequality. Feminism as a contributing factor                      Feminism has always occupied quite a contradicting and complicated place in the field of critical theory. Since ages of yonder, society has always been divided under patriarchal terms with men being fostered as the dominant species in virtually all aspects of life be it the basic level of family, political, economic and the most equivocal of all religious fields. Feminism is further branched out into four varieties nurturing the women’s feminism and how they feel about themselves in society. One, there is liberal feminism that which circumvents itself around educational terms with emphasis on gender bigotry being undertaken on the pretext of ignorance. Gender, on the other hand, refers to a range of characteristics that define and differentiate between femininity and masculinity. These characteristics include biological and sexual characteristics of either men or women and are constructed socially by societal principles. However, going by the recent years implications by laws instigated to govern such, women in society are currently being held with high regard though their existence in higher circles is minimal. Since most discourses varyingly examine and challenge the ideological machinations of conventional representation, semiosis and metaphysics feminism tends to be tied to post structuralism, psychoanalysis, deconstruction and Marxism. However, on the other hand, feminism has a simple understated difference from theoretical traditions. Among all the schools of thoughts, it is feminism alone that takes as its departure point both the subject of women and women as subjects. This does not however imply that other fields do not give attention to the subject of women but instead when they do, the terms that account for women tend to be essentially masculine, with women only functioning as the eccentricity or disruption of the norm being implied. The way women are affected by patriarchy is quite different in social affiliation irrespective of whether these differences are based on class, race or sexuality. In our daily living we get to feed into the many benefits that come with the development of the technological landscape with express emphasis on the use of the internet and social media platforms as interactive tools and relationship builders. Though it is considered as the best thing to have ever happened to humankind, it comes with massive repercussions as opposed to benefits with regards to corroding the personalities of our young generation who are the higher percentage engaged in the use of the internet and various social media platforms. New media is one of the most powerful communication platforms in technology but with its innumerable communication benefits it is being described as with regards male dominance on constructivist feminism. However, through the use of technologies, instant communication has been made po ssible through the offering messaging interfaces for technological support purposes thus building on stronger gender based interactions. In the future technological developers and psychologists could come together and come up with age restrictive technology platforms and technological gadgets specifically designed for educational purposes so as to actualize beneficial returns Of major importance to this subject matter is the fact that oppression of women is not popularly recognized because the allegiance of women to men often tends to supersede their allegiance to their fellow women from different classes. Although there are certain economic and social factors that separate human beings, it is within these same groups that women are isolated from each other. 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