Mother Earth Essay

Nowadays, people struggle a lot to return back what I lost. They do fun runs to raise fund for tree planting, make placards to disseminate campaigns and fine hard headed people for loitering around. I can now hardly breathe. Greenhouses gasses inside my body gradually increases as they are being trapped due to human activities that added more and more of these gases into my atmosphere. For example, levels of carbon dioxide, a powerful greenhouse gas, have risen by 35 percent since 1750, largely from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. With more greenhouse gases in the mix, my atmosphere acts like a thickening blanket and traps more heat. My insides are becoming thinner, well of course due to human doings. Erosion is supposed to be a natural phenomenon but being accelerated by human activities, like urbanizations and poor agricultural practices. Without human activities, losses of soil through erosion would in most areas probably be balanced by the formation of new soil. In my virgin land a mantle of vegetation protects the soil. When rain falls on a surface of grass or on the leaves of my trees, some of the moisture evaporates before it can reach the ground. Trees and grass serve as windbreaks, and a network of roots helps to hold the soil in place against the action of both rain and wind. Agriculture and lumbering, as well as housing, industrial development, and highway construction, however, partially or wholly destroy the protective canopy of my vegetation and greatly speed up erosion of certain kinds of soils. Erosion is less severe with crops such as wheat, which cover the ground evenly, than with crops such as corn and tobacco, grown in rows. I manifest my emotions to people through rain. It is enough to wash out humanity. Its extreme fall causes flood that destroys infrastructures built by human kind. Floods not only damage property and endanger the lives of humans and animals, but have other effects as well. Rapid runoff causes soil erosion as well as sediment deposition problems downstream. Spawning grounds  for fish and other wildlife habitat are often destroyed. High-velocity currents increase flood damage; prolonged high floods delay traffic and interfere with drainage and economic use of lands. Bridge abutments, bank lines, sewer outfalls, and other structures within floodways are damaged, and navigation and hydroelectric power are often impaired. Financial losses due to floods are commonly millions of pesos each year. There is still hope for me. All they need to do is to restore what they have taken from me. Reverse all the things that cause my trouble. From deforestation to reforestation. Forests are an important part of the global carbon cycle because trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. By removing this greenhouse gas from the air, forests function as terrestrial carbon sinks, meaning they store large amounts of carbon. At any time, forests account for as much as double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Even as more anthropogenic carbon is produced, my forests remove around three billion tons of anthropogenic carbon every year. This amounts to about 30% of all carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels. Therefore, an increase in the overall forest cover around the world would tend to mitigate global warming. As students, they can do small things that can contribute to help me in my current state. You can avoid throwing candy wrappers, plastics of junk foods and anything that can cause flood when accumulated. You can join tree planting activities done by your schools. One tree equals one life when it grows. That’s a big thing for the future. People please stop what you are doing that destroys my environment especially mountains that when I cry out heavy rain it can cause floods that can destruct your shelters, works, and can also kill some of your loved ones. I would like you to care for me and help me to become stronger for you, your children and the next generations from your family. I will take care of them as long as you care for me.

My Family Essay

Ever heard the saying, â€Å"blood is thicker than water†? If yes, you know it means no bond is tighter than your family. In our families we love, serve, teach, and learn from each other. We share our joys and our sorrows. Family ties may bring us difficult challenges, but they also give us strength and some of our greatest happiness. Through my own personal perspective, if you don’t have family, you don’t have anything. Thinking to yourself, you have it all, each time you see them cross your path. Blood makes you related, loyalty makes you family. Families are so important because we are born into them, marry into them, and even create them among the people we love. They come large and extended or small and eventually grow out into a huge bunch. But whatever their size or wherever they live, strong families give us the nurturance and strength we need in order to survive. I cannot express how blessed to have been born into the family I have. Of course no Brady bunch is perfect but one thing is for sure, everything WE do, we try to do it right. Throughout our lives, most of us find ourselves living in two types of families, our family of orientation and our family of procreation. I bet your face expression is awkwardly confused, but let me break it down real simple for you. Our family of orientation is the family in which we were born into. We had no choice as to who our parents would be, and most definitely had no clue what genes we would inherit. We had no say in our early intellectual stimulation, or in how our emotional or survival needs would be met. I guess you can say, it is all a matter of destiny and who god imself wanted to place you with in regards to the life he has planned for you. Our family of orientation, however, is the institution that hopefully gave us the sense of stability and protection that we all need. We had to rely on our family of orientation to provide the nutrition, shelter, and assistance in learning how to walk, talk, and eat. When at our best, the family teaches the finest things human beings can learn from one another such as, generosity and love. But, it is all too often where we learn nasty things such as hate, rage and shame. My family falls deeply into the good traits, my parents are soft and gentle, but can also be cold as ice when it comes to messing with their kids and family members. One thing in my family that you simply do not do, is mess with myself or my younger siblings. I inherited both of their traits equally, I can be as sweet as a fine sliced piece of cake, or as cold as walking out on below 0? floor, barefoot. Moving on to your family of procreation, once you enter into adulthood, you then find yourself in your family of procreation. The difference between the two is important. The choices which led up to this family of procreation are only yours. When you marry, you have to choose the one you marry. Factors included with that individual’s looks, personality, abilities, knowledge and interests. Sometimes you even get what I call, a â€Å"combo deal†. Pretty self explanatory, your partner may bring along his relatives and sometimes even children. Into what you ask? Into your marriage, that’s what. Of course we always hope and pray, that individual did not bring with him baggage from his family of orientation or previous relationships, but rather positive experiences from one of the other or both. O ne important subject I’d love to get a little more in depth with is the true values of a happy family are. As I previously stated, my family is nowhere near perfect but we try to do whatever it takes to keep our heads held high. Although being Mexican-American can pretty much sum up to why we are stuck together like glue at all times. Our culture is really big on staying together, and doing whatever it takes to get to the top as a whole. Growing up my parents taught me a couple of unique values to always carry at hand. They mean a lot to me and as a whole, they are the foundation I grew up from into who I am today. In our home family values are rules or ideals that, as a family, we agree to live by and stay true to. Having strong well defined family values helps set the foundation for a strong, tight knit family. When educated long enough this closeness provides a soft place to fall when life doesn’t go according to plan. Strong and consistent family values are important in building trust and confidence in each family member. I just want to explain a couple that are important to me and my household, although I’m sure you will obviously relate. We are a very close family, one thing about us, we all want to feel wanted. Come on, who doesn’t want to feel like they belong? It is important that each member of my family feel that they are loved, that they belong and that they matter. Being a united family could mean that you spend every spare minute together doing family activities but keep in mind that everyone is different. Creating a strong family is great, but each person should be allowed the space and freedom to explore the activities they think they may enjoy. People are braver and more willing to take chances if they know they have a safe place to come back to when things don’t quite work out.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Family is not an important thing. It’s everything. † I’m all for order, schedules and structure in my family to help maintain some level of reason. But too much structure and the unwillingness to give a little can result in a lot of unhappiness and dislike. The more flexibility you have in decision making, for example, the happier your family will be for it. I know I personally love having a say in everything, sometimes even having the last word is all it takes for me to be happy. Imagine one member of the family always thinking they are right and enforcing their way of doing things. Flexibility in the family will certainly ease of a little less unhappiness off and bring out the happiness within. * 2 of my favorite and most important family values are respect and honesty. I swear I cannot stress enough how crazy important these factors are to my parents and although these two are a bit more difficult to define because they hit a ittle more into the heart than others. For my family, to respect each other is to take feelings, thoughts, needs, and preferences in to account when making decisions. It also means acknowledging and valuing everyone’s thoughts, feelings and contributions to the family as a whole. Respect is indeed earned and there is a very fine line between it and fear. The only way to earn and keep someone’s respect is to first show them respect yourself. That is the most important rule in our household. Respect is an important family value will extend out of the home and into school, work or other social settings. Honesty is something I learned the hard way, so many problems entered my life thanks to lack of honesty. This is the foundation of any relationships that are meant to last. Mother-daughter, husband-wife, sister-brother. You name it. Without honesty a deeper connection will not form and certainly won’t last. Encourage honesty by practicing understanding and respect when someone tells you of their wrong doings. If we lose it and get angry when we’re told what has happened the other person will be more likely to hide it from you next time simply to avoid the disrespect. * My parents always taught me to be humble no matter what. Giving without thinking â€Å"what’s in it for me† is an important value for anyone wanting to be a responsible, contributing member to society. Through generosity we build empathy since we tend to think more about what people want or need. Being generous doesn’t mean simply handing over money to someone in need. It can also include giving your time, love, attention or even some of your possessions. Being generous is the same as being humble with other people around you. Respect your elders, always forgive, take responsibility, and give! To gain respect, you must first earn it, in order to earn it, give it! Values are essential to living a happy and meaningful life. It is family members who come to your rescue in the need of hour and stand by you when you feel lonely. They give you mental as well as financial support. You can share your problems if you have any with your family members. So it is family which is more important than anything. So take care of your family, they are all you truly have. A close bond with your family now is a bond that will get stronger as you go. I would never trade my family for anything or anyone in the world. Where ever I go, I’ll make sure they tag along with me.

Summary Guide of Crime and Punishment

Lesson 1: 1. Raskolnikov lives under the roof directly above his landlady in a small, tight garret surrounded by dusty yellow wallpaper and with nothing but a â€Å"clumsy† couch, an unlevel table with three unpainted chairs, and a few books covered in dust from abandonment. The area where he resides in could be described as the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum. The inhabitants include drunkards, prostitutes, and tradesman. 2. Environmental factors such as these breed a despondent outlook on life and a reticent behavior that only sink one’s mind. 3.Raskolnikov possesses two opposing sides of his personality; the compassionate and the selfish. His compassionate side led him to leave money for Marmeladov’s family and lead him to care about the young drunk woman that he tried to save from a rapist. However, his more selfish side caused him to reprimand himself for â€Å"wasting† money on the Marmeladovs and on the drunken stranger. Both aspects of himself create an inner struggle that will most likely continue throughout the story. 4. Marmeladov can be described as in his early fifties, average height, solid build and sparsely balding. Similar article: On Compassion AnalysisHis wife Katherine Ivanovna possesses a delicate, proportionate, slim, tall body at the age of thirty, she still retains brown color in her hair, and her cheeks have red stains from the disease she has. From her previous marriage she gave birth to three children a little boy and two girls. Her oldest child has the age of nine and appears tall and thin. The little boy, the middle child, has just the description of a year older than the youngest child who is six. Marmeladov‘s only child Sonia has the description of in her teenage years.5.I believe others should take pity on Marmeladov instead of despising him because he has shown regret and condemns himself. His character proved weak when he could not keep himself from his drinking problem. He feels remorse from taking his family’s only money to spend it on himself for a selfish reason but his action in returning home to face reproach from his wife gives a feeling of pity.6. Although I understand Katerina Ivanovna’s anxiety I do not sympathize with her. I do not think I would react the way she has. My reaction would focus on finding a job or another means of income. Her actions benefit no one and for that I cannot sympathize.7. Yes, Katerina’s background makes her present situation much more tragic because she had never experienced such hardships before. If she had grown in a humble environment she would have felt a lesser loss and she would have accepted her life a lot more easily.8. In Dostoyevsky’s novel the pawnbroker falls under unsympathetic terms.9. Raskolnikov appears as physically attractive with his dark eyes, blond hair, above average height and well built body though with the exception of his garb.10.Raskolnikov and the pawnbroker have ironic descriptions because the two contradict each other; the pawnbroker has richness while Raskolnikov needs money. Even their descriptions oppose each other one being young and attractive and th e other aged though both dress similarly.11. The character’s actions determine whether they become likeable or not.12. From her actions Sonia can be described as likeable because she sacrificed her virginity for persons she was not related to by blood. Moreover, she continues to give them money aside from leaving her home to keep them safe. Her altruism shows only her benevolent character.13. Mr.Luzhin appears to be likeable from his visits to Dounia. And based on the mother’s letter he seems a sensible man by the way he has handled the situation. His accepting of the possibility in giving Raskolnikov a job and helping Duonia and her mother with their luggage shipping. But nevertheless not enough events have occurred to categorize Mr. Luzhin definitely. 14. Raskolnikov opposes Dounia’s proposed marriage because he believes his sister will marry to save him from his economical situation. 15. Raskolnikov loves his family so much that he will not allow his sister t o marry a man in order to improve his living conditions.He, instead, would continue living the way he has to protect his sister. And his writing to his mother also serves to prove his affection. 16. He juxtaposes his sister’s marriage to Sonia’s prostitution because in return for themselves they receive monetary support. 17. I believe the comparison accurate but other even if one will live respectfully and the other will face derision. 18. Marfa Petrovna, in response to Dounia’s rejection letter to her husband Svidrigailov, proceeds to clear Duonia’s name of all infamy as well as personally apologizing. 9. Raskolnikov occupied himself as a law student and a tutor. 20. Because Raskolnikov found no means to support himself he discontinued his studies. 21. The most outstanding character trait is weakness. Raskolnikov does not posse the ability to fight any and every obstacle in order to carry on. 22. After having drank some vodka at a pub Raskolnikov walks t o Petrovsky Island where he begins to feel the effects of the liquor and so he travels a little further to bushes and goes into a stupor. During his stupor Raskolnikov dreams of his childhood.In the dream he pictured his father and himself walking from a cemetery where his grandmother and younger brother rested just outside of their town near an old tavern. While passing by the old tavern a ruckus called Raskolnikov’s attention the commotion was due to a group of drunkards who coming out of the tavern proceeded to climb onto a wagon attached to an old mare to pull. The man named Mikolka wanted to prove to everyone that his mare could pull them and he began to whip the mare for encouragement but when it became clear that the horse could not he inconsiderately beat the animal all the more harshly.Two other men took up the beat as well. At the sight of everything young Raskolnikov attempts to do something for the mare by running to it and it the action receives a blow to his fac e but does not give in not even when a woman tries to lead him away. Meanwhile the owner Mikolka takes out a shaft and strikes four times unable to kill the miserable animal until he finally brings out a crowbar to finish the animals suffering with two more blows. Raskolnikov feels for the defenseless animal so much that he kisses its bloody face and then turns to attack the man that dealt it so much pain but just before he can his father carries him away. 3. The dream symbolizes the act that Raskolnikov has had in mind to commit murder. It foreshadows both the murder and his reaction after he commits the crime. The vivid description of the horrible beating of the mare implies the same fate of the pawnbroker. And the way he acted as a child illustrates the unimaginable grief he will both feel and have to deal with after the act. 24. Raskolnikov overhears Lizaveta and the peddler’s wife talking about their plans for the following day where they will be away at seven leaving th e pawnbroker alone at home.Lesson 2 1. Coincidence plays the role of justification to Raskolnikov’s murders. He believes that because so many coincidences come about that fate wants him to murder the pawnbroker; he sees fate as a motivator. 2. The first ironic remarks in chapter six are said by the student Raskolnikov overhears talking to the police officer. He speaks of a better world without the pawnbroker by reasoning that she does more harm than good and yet what he suggests (to have someone kill her) completely contradicts to a â€Å"better world. As he continues his conversation with the officer he states, â€Å"I am for justice,† however, no fairness exists when he decides from his own judgment that someone should kill the pawnbroker. Within this same conversation the officer, who holds the job to protect the people, agrees with the student when he says the pawnbroker should die. And towards the end of chapter six Raskolnikov expresses his strong conviction in his acts when he says, â€Å"if judgment fails, the devil takes a hand. Dostoyevsky inputs situational irony having his character believe that he still possesses common sense in committing a murder meanwhile the reader of a lucid mind knows otherwise. In the first chapter of the second part Nastasia refers to the torn, blood-stained rags Raskolnikov holds as â€Å"treasures† when she find him sleeping while holding them, little does Nastasia know that the rags hold a heavy burden. 3. From the very moment Raskolnikov began to think of his crime he said he would take great care and use logic throughout his actions but as he commits the crime he finds himself losing his mind.He misses large details like assuming he would take the ax without any problems and leaving the door open. Not only that but Raskolnikov believed that he was predestined to kill Aliona with good reason but to the contrary he had to plan things (the pledge, the needle, the sling, etc. ) and in the end he kil led Lizaveta without any justification. 4. Raskolnikov acts irrational. 5. Raskolnikov loses his ability to conform to time’s movement after the murders of the two women. 6. If one feels guilty sleep provides an outlet. During sleep the body uses the time to recover and to repair itself.Dreams manifest themselves when the mind becomes afflicted so that one can find a way mend the situation. 7. Guilt has the effect of causing irritability, feelings of remorse, depression, anxiety, dejection, and lack of peace. 8. Most people need to unload themselves from their guilt whether by confession, retribution, or punishment. 9. Raskolnikov demonstrates his need for confession and punishment. After he went back into the anteroom while Koch and the heavier man stood outside the door trying to enter Raskolnikov had thoughts to yell from behind the door so that the men would come in and find him.And while at the police station Raskolnikov remains in his seat after he resolved the I. O. U. issue to admit the crime he committed the day before to Nikodim Fomich the police chief. 10. He takes them and at first places them in the wall of his living quarters behind wallpaper but later decides against it and takes his spoils to a courtyard near Voznesensky Prospect to hide under a large stone. 11. Raskolnikov murdered the old pawnbroker with wishes to do well to others and dedicate the money from the crime to the less fortunate.He did want to rob the woman but for a better cause. 12. Raskolnikov suffers as a result of his action because his mind clutters with insecurity and inability to deal with his crime. Dissimilar to the way he had predicted the outcome Raskolnikov cannot live with the guilt of taking two lives and his subconscious begins to haunt him. 13. Guilt can be both constructive and destructive. Guilt can serve as a motive for someone to help others as a way of dealing with the remorse but it can also eat away at a person and in the long term damage a person ps ychologically. 14.Guilt can be healthy when it teaches right from wrong but it escalates to unhealthy once it begins to harm in such a way that the feelings become uncontrollable. 15. Raskolnikov cannot regain control of his thoughts and his behavior at Razumihin’s apartment shows his self-punishment by refusing work and company to alleviate his situation. 16. Raskolnikov goes to Razumihin’s apartment because he had settled on going after he committed the murders and also in search of work. Lesson 3 1. Raskolnikov’s foil Razumihin possesses characteristics like optimism and determination which Raskolnikov lacks when he falls to hard economic pressure.But even though not perfect compared to Luzhin the snobbish proposed brother-in-law Raskolnikov seems a better person the murder put aside. 2. Raskolnikov only shows interest in the murder case of the pawnbroker and her sister. 3. If Raskolnikov had the opportunity to narrate the story then the majority of the story would lack certainty. Though the first person point of view does include further sensory for the reader the storyline would lose an unbiased view of all the other characters. 4. Razumihin’s character possesses qualities such as selfless, friendly, kind, and above all cheerful. 5.Razumihin shows his amity and concern for Raskolnikov by searching for his friend after a fight, by taking care of Raskolnikov when he took ill, by buying his friend new clothes when he needed them, by talking to the landlady about the money due, and by trying to enliven his friend after his illness. 6. Raskolnikov’s delirious ravings reveal his deep repentance and constant suffering for his crime. 7. Razumihin believes that Nikolay did not commit the murders because he thinks the murderer while trying to escape dropped the box of earring inside the room Nikolay and Dmitry painted during the time they left. . Razumihin’s thought process shows his ability to piece information together an d proves he does not follow the crowd. 9. Luzhin acts rather pretentious and displays excessive self-importance. 10. Raskolnikov detests Luzhin from the moment he speaks and treats him briskly so as to make him leave. 11. Dostoevsky portrays Raskolnikov with more sympathy as opposed to Luzhin. 12. Dostoevsky seems to value sincere, sympathetic and benevolent persons. 13. From his book Dostoevsky describes conceited and condescending characters in unflattering lighting. 14.While at the bar with Zametov Raskolnikov fights an inner battle between confessing to his crime and not letting anyone know. He hints at the crime after Zametov sat at his table because the part of himself that wants to tell the truth cannot keep from suffering until then. However, at the conclusion of their conversation Raskolnikov has played with Zametov’s thoughts that he throws away all possibility of accusing Raskolnikov as the murder. 15. Raskolnikov provokes the murder conversation as soon as Zametov approaches him. 16. Based upon his behavior at the bar, Raskolnikov acts like a coward.Often times through his discussion he leads up to a point but never clearly states his thoughts, he tends to play around the topic leading Zametov to a conclusion but in the end changing his goal. He is too afraid to directly confess and instead tries to allow other s to see the reality but at the last moment chooses to run away from the issue. He also likes to seclude him to reflect. He sequesters himself to think out his plans, judgments, and uncertainty. 17. Raskolnikov following the tavern incident with Zametov goes to the pawnbroker’s old apartment. 8. An example of situational irony becomes evident when the doctor comes to aid the injured Marmeladov and instead of helping speeds up his death by having him bled out. And an example of verbal irony presents itself when Raskolnikov hints at murdering the two women to Zometov in order to free himself of all suspicion. Lesson 4: 1. The way Katerina Ivanovna reacts to her husband’s death enlightens her persona; she cares deeply for him or at the very least holds a caring heart when she does not refuse him in her home.Although she alleged she was glad he died her actions betray her because she forces everyone to leave her husband alone so that his death may be respected. Moreover Katerina sends Polia to search for Sonia so that her husband can see her one last time. She cares about her husband but also cannot forget that he has hurt her and her family. 2. Luzhin’s letter reveals his spiteful character. I think he lied and sent his lackey because of the way Raskolnikov treated him. He not only tries to force the family to break from each other but also allows himself an easy escape from the proposal.Also, his report on the scene at Marmeladov’s home seems purposely dishonest probably with the intention of hurting Raskolnikov character in his mother and sister’s eyes. 3. Marmeladov’s at tempted suicide incites feelings inside Raskolnikov that lead him to help the man and his family. Helping the family causes Raskolnikov to feel like he has a purpose and also allows him to amend for his crime. I believe that when Raskolnikov gave Katerina the kopecks for the funeral in his mind he recalled the purpose of killing the pawnbroker. 4. Due to her lifestyle Sonia dresses in an irregular manner.When she appeared at Marmeladov’s home she wore a long gaudy silk dress with a train alongside her bright colored shoes and her ridiculous parasol in addition to her straw hat with a red feather. She has blonde hair and blue eyes and her thin, pale physique describe her as very pretty despite her garb. 5. Dounia and her brother posses like character qualities; they are very proud, intelligent, and headstrong. Lesson 5 1. Sonia’s reaction to the polite behavior of Raskolnikov’s family reveals that she does not value herself as a person because of her lifestyle. 2 . The fifty-year-old newcomer to St.Petersburg lives in a room next to Sonia’s; in Madame Gertrude Karlovna Resslich’s. 3. From a strategic point, the playful manner that Raskolnikov and Razumikhin entered Porfiry’s room proves effective because the atmosphere inside the room lightens to Raskolnikov’s favor so that his nerves do not give him away, the scene also serves to distract Porfiry from interrogating Raskolnikov and strengthen the feelings of Razumikhin toward his friend. 4. Because Porfiry acts in a happy, sociable manner but yet his facial expressions and the manner in which he looks at persons shows a clear contradiction. 5.When Porfiry repeated the words â€Å"ordinary† and â€Å"extraordinary† Raskolnikov became aware that Porfiry wanted to challenge his views and investigate whether he thought he qualified as part of the â€Å"extraordinary† persons exempt from law. 6. Raskolnikov’s main points From his article in the Periodical Review are: â€Å"extraordinary† and â€Å"ordinary† persons exist, the â€Å"extraordinary† can take lives for a worthy cause, and the â€Å"masses† will always punish those who commit murder no matter the reason. 7. The fact that Porfiry read and studied Raskolnikov’s article reveals that he not only suspects Raskolnikov but that he also has a clever mind. . No, Porfiry does not question Raskolnikov in a traditional police manner. 9. Yes, Porfiry acted sarcastically in his discussion about Raskolnikov’s theory. 10. Porfiry does not appear as a formidable opponent at first. 11. Porfiry’s friendly disposition can very likely cause a criminal to mistrust him and act all the more fearful. 12. Porfiry’s lighthearted manner gives way when he asks Raskolnikov whether he thinks himself as an â€Å"extraordinary† man who could take the lives of others for enlightenment. 13. I believe Porfiry categorized Raskolnik ov as a suspect. 14.Razumikhin’s reaction to Porfiry’s question about the painters further describes his character as loyal. 15. Porfiry asks Raskolnikov if he believed in Lazarus rising from the dead to test his beliefs. 16. As he walks home Raskolnikov encounters a stranger who calls him a murder. 17. Raskolnikov begins to believe that his actions were not worthy of his theory because he questions his motives and whether he falls under the â€Å"extraordinary† category. 18. The dream about the old woman reveals his fears of being an average person and not the â€Å"extraordinary† man when the old woman laughs at his inability to kill her. 9. Svidrigailov visits Raskolnikov after his dream. 20. Svidrigailov has treated Marfa Petrovna and others with some form of civility. Although he showed no compassion for Fil’ka he did not act completely uncivil. As for Marfa he stayed with her throughout their marriage even after she gave him his freedom. His treatment of Dounia presented itself as disrespectful but his present actions to save her from Luzhin shows that he is sympathetic. 21. Svidrigailov’s dreams (the apparitions) reveal his grieving for his late wife. 22.Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov seem alike in that they both sick. Raskolnikov from his crime suffers delirium, fainting, and mental anguish and likewise Svidrigailov suffers from ghost visits from his wife and his servant. 23. Svidrigailov and Raskolnikov have differing personalities. Svidrigailov seems calmer and can control his feelings and actions while Raskolnikov cannot and loses his temper often. 24. Svidrigailov offers Raskolnikov ten thousand rubles as a compensation for the unpleasantness he out her though and to lessen the impact of having to break off the engagement with Luzhin.As a skeptic Raskolnikov does not trust this offer. 25. Marfa Petrovna showed her respect for Dounia by leaving three thousand rubles in her will. Lesson 6 1. Luzhin acts polite in his meeting with Raskolnikov and his family. 2. Svidrigailov has caused the suicide of the young deaf girl and of the serf Phillip. 3. I do agree with Luzhin when he says that certain insults cause irreparable harm to relationships. Although not always respected I believe that every relationship has a boundary for protection and not crossing. 4. I agree, Sonia before Luzhin if morality measured.Society would not subordinate Luzhin to Sonia because society would view their class status only. The society would think such an idea outrageous. 5. When rejected by Dounia, Luzhin reminds her of the scandals that tarnished her reputation when Marfa Petrovna threw her out of her home. This action of his behalf discloses him as resentful. 6. Because Luzhin refuses to believe that his relationship with Dounia had come to an end, his character appears not only stubborn but obsessive. 7. Razumihkin proposes a publishing business venture to Raskolnikov. 8.Raskolnikov entrusts Razumihkin with h is family before he goes off. 9. Raskolnikov acts rather cruel to Sonia initially during their interview. 10. Sonia’s religious believes add irony to her character because even though a prostitute she lives with virtues and purity in her soul. 11. Raskolnikov commands Sonia to read the story of Lazarus’ rising from the dead. Sonia shares this story with Raskolnikov as if she shared an epiphany. She adds feeling to the story by her form of reading it. 12. Raskolnikov sees himself and Sonia as parallels because they have both â€Å"transgressed† and ended the life of omeone. 13. The reason why Raskolnikov will ultimately confess his crime to Sonia is because she will not judge him as harshly as the others because she has shame in her actions and the way she lives. 14. Svidrigailov listens to Sonia and Raskolnikov’s conversation on the other side of the wall. 15. Svidrigailov’s knowledge of the crime would give him leverage against Raskolnikov and wit h the upper hand he can ultimately extortion Raskolnikov. 16. Porfiry’s engagement in meaningless small talk before talking about the crime appears intentional.This technique raises Raskolnikov’s suspicion. 17. (From Lesson 7)The repetition of the word capital is ironic because the true meaning of capital refers to an object of monetary value while Sonia though a prostitute is a person and not an object. 18. Porfiry suspect Raskolnikov as the murderer but lacks substantial evidence. Raskolnikov does not know the degree Porfiry considers him as the murderer. 19. Porfiry does not arrest Raskolnikov because he lacks palpable evidence and Nikolay’s confession has surprised him.Also, he chooses to wait for Raskolnikov to make a blunder and cause himself to allow his guilt to manifest. 20. Raskolnikov’s emotional state during the interview is anxious and temperamental. He struggles to understand how much Porfiry knows about him and due to his anxiety makes mist akes by having outbursts that only increase Porfiry’s suspicion. 21. Porfiry possesses control over Raskolnikov. He presses Raskolnikov to his anxious state and only by luck does Raskolnikov manage to dodge his confession. 22. Porfiry knows that Raskolnikov visited the crime scene. 23.Because of Nikolay’s sudden burst into the room and confession to the murder Porfiry’s plans for Raskolnikov’s confession do not succeed. 24. The man hiding behind the door at Porfiry’s office presented himself as the same man that called Raskolnikov a murderer on the street the day before. Ironically the man apologizes when Raskolnikov truly committed the crime and he deserved his plight. Lesson 7 1. Luzhin regrets his lack of generosity toward Dounia and her mother because if he had then the two would consider breaking off the engagement with more difficulty. 2.Dostoevsky mocks Lebeziatnikov by describing the disparity between his physique (scrawny, little, etc) and his arrogant character. He also makes Lebeziatnikov look like a mindless follower to any idea that becomes fashionable. 3. Luzhin gave Sonia a ten ruble note to help Katerina Ivanovna. 4. Katerina Ivanovna had the funeral brunch in spite of her financial circumstance because of her pride. She wanted to boast that she lived well-off and not like the rest of them. Katerina did not want anyone to pity her or her circumstance and instead have them think that she rose above them. 5.When Katerina’s landlady helps with the funeral brunch Katerina resents her because she blames her landlady for the miserable guests that appear at the brunch. Also, because Katerina holds her in contempt due to the manner she dressed for the festivities that she expected to center around herself. 6. Some ironic circumstance during the funeral brunch 7. Luzhin attempted to incriminate Sonia for stealing his 100 rubles. He did this because he wanted to appear correct about his judgment on Sonia and caus e Raskolnikov to have a falling out with his family. 8. Raskolnikov figures out Luzhin’s motives. . Lebeziatnikov shows his integrity by going to Sonia’s aid when accused of theft. Not to mention he spoke well of her and did not judge her despite her prostitution. 10. Marmeladov’s brunch is both pathetic and humorous because his family tried to honor him but instead only ruin fell onto them and humorous because Katerina acts comical throughout the brunch. She argues with her landlady and the tenants cause her to fuss all the more. 11. Raskolnikov approaches Sonia by asking her to choose between Luzhin and her stepmother to remain alive as a way to compel her to understand his acts of murder. 2. Raskolnikov goes through two main emotions before confessing to Sonia; he at first becomes excited to tell her and share his guilt to feel better but then becomes frightened and turned pale right before his confession. 13. Raskolnikov saw that Sonia and Lizaveta both had childlike characteristics in their fear. 14. Sonia reacts with sympathy toward Raskolnikov after he confesses. 15. Sonia eagerly holds Raskolnikov’s living situation and needs responsible for his crime in order to make the murders more comprehensible. 6. Raskolnikov’s theory sounds base when he tries to explain it to Sonia. 17. Raskolnikov attributes the crimes to his own vanity. 18. Sonia advises Raskolnikov to confess his crimes and suffer through punishment for redemption. 19. Egbrde 20. Sonia attempts to give Raskolnikov the cross to help him confess and work toward inner peace. 21. Raskolnikov is not ready to receive his â€Å"cross† yet because he still feels like the circumstance situated themselves in his favor because he does not fall in with the â€Å"ordinary† people.Lesson 8: 1. Out on the street Katerina acted out of exasperation. By dressing up the children and forcing them to sing and dance on the streets she tries to find a way of providin g from them without relying on Sonia. Katerina Ivanovna behavior resembled a madwoman but can be justified due to her tragic situation. 2. While on the street many of the spectators followed Katerina, very few gave her money and most laughed at her performance. People from this time would react without neglect.In viewing a homeless seemingly insane woman out on the street with her children begging they might offer her help or money but her actions would not be seen as a joke. In today’s world such circumstances would provoke favorable reaction. 3. Dounia does not judge and goes as far as offering her life to Raskolnikov. Instead of scolding him she tries to justify his actions with the information she now knows about the underlying investigation. 4. Katerina feels she has suffered through so much in her life that she has no need for a priest because she has no sins for the priest to absolve.Her attitude suggests her loss of faith in God. 5. Churches do not have the obligation to help those in their congregation. 6. Katerina does not act too exaggerated to arouse the reader’s sympathy. Her sickness and the inability to conform to her life cause some form of pity if not for her then for her children. 7. Svidrigailov places Katerina’s children in a respectable orphanage and leaves them all money for their bringing up. 8. Svidrigailov reveals to Raskolnikov that he lives next to her apartment and overheard his confession. 9.Raskolnikov thinks Luzhin has sent the letter to Dounia. 10. Because Svidrigailov has overheard Raskolnikov’s confession to Sonia he becomes worried that Svidrigailov will use the information to further his designs for Dounia. 11. Razumihin did once believe Raskolnikov the true murderer of the pawnbroker but now after Nikolay’s confession he thinks Raskolnikov could not have been the murderer. 12. Raskolnikov does not believe that Porfiry suspects Nikolay because of their last encounter. 13. Porfiry comes to s ee Raskolnikov for an explanation and to accuse Raskolnikov of murder. 14.Porfiry reveals his reasons why he began to suspect Raskolnikov as the murder, why he believes Nikolay takes on the burden of another, and why Raskolnikov should confess before his arrest. 15. Nikolay confessed because he believed in accepting suffering. 16. Porfiry openly calls Raskolnikov a murderer. 17. Porfiry proposes to speak to the judge in his favor if Raskolnikov confesses himself. 18. Raskolnikov does not care about lessening the sentence. 19. Porfiry warns Raskolnikov of committing suicide. He asks Raskolnikov to leave a letter disclosing the location of the objects he stole. 20. Svidrigailov wanted to 21.Marfa Petrovna and Svidrigailov orally agreed that: he would never leave her, he would always ask for her permission to travel anywhere, he would never take a permanent mistress, he could choose his maids if he asked her directly, he would not fall in love with someone of their class, and he would tell her openly of his feelings. 22. We find out from Svidrigailov that Dounia was compassionate, chaste, and susceptible by flattery. 23. Svidrigailov has engaged himself to a fifteen year old girl with a family of terrible circumstance. He is very fond of the child-like appearance and has brought money as well as jewelry to his new fiance. 4. Svidrigailov attributes his ability to seduce women with principles to flattery. 25. The new engagement between the fifteen-year-old girl and Svidrigailov would, to say the least, disgust the reader. The new engagement is a surprise but the depravity of the act serves to expose the true character of Svidrigailov. Lesson 9: 1. Svidrigailov traps Dounia by sending her a letter about Raskolnikov’s murders and then by placing her brother’s fate in her hands. Dounia prepared herself by taking the late Marfa Petrovna’s revolver and using it for self-defense.However, after discharging it twice and only grazing Svidrigailov sligh tly she cannot kill the man and instead pleads for her freedom. 2. According to Svidrigailov Raskolnikov suffers because jbhiugbuibi; 3. Svidrigailov offers to take Dounia, her brother, and mother away with him away to help Raskolnikov. 4. Dounia accuses Svidrigailov of poisoning his late wife and this suggestion only emboldens Luzhin’s earlier implications about Marfa Petrovna’s death. 5. Svidrigailov also wants Dounia to love him or at the very least accept him aside from a physical relationship. . Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov both hallucinate because of the persons they harmed, suffer because of their ideology, and act however they please whether for positive or negative. 7. Because Raskolnikov confesses his crime and begins to reject his theory he moves closer to becoming a better person unlike Svidrigailov who lacks remorse. And though they both perform acts of random kindness Svidrigailov more often than not has an underlying reason. Also, Svidrigailov does not i solate himself the way Raskolnikov has done despite their similar ideology. 8. Bgsjbgfvkdeb 9.Bgrde 10. Svidrigailov commits suicide because of Dounia’s rejection, he can no longer be happy pleasing himself because he has found something he desperately wants but cannot have. Because of Dounia’s rejection his â€Å"happy† world crashes and he realizes the mistake in his life has been. 11. When Svidrigailov shoots himself Raskolnikov contemplates confessing himself and going to see his mother. 12. While visiting his mother the two have an intimate moment alone. Pulcheria tries to justify Raskolnikov’s behavior throughout her visit after reading his article â€Å"On Crime. Raskolnikov tries to make amends to his mother for causing her so much grief before he confesses to his crime but even then continues to worry his mother. 13. At the crossroads Rodia kisses the ground in an attempt to publically declare himself as a murderer. 14. Svidrigailov’s sui cide causes Raskolnikov to such a shock that he walks out of the Police Station without admitting to his crime. 15. After hearing about Svidrigailov’s suicide from Ilia Petrovich Sonia’s presence waiting outside prevents Raskolnikov from leaving without confessing to murder. 16.In my opinion, the Epilogue stands as an enlightening piece needed to complete the book. Without the Epilogue the reader would question whether or not Raskolnikov redeemed himself and ask about the situation within the family. 17. Raskolnikov must fulfill a sentence of hard labor in the second degree for eight years. 18. Considering all the testimony in favor of Raskolnikov the sentence was severe enough in my opinion. Even without the insanity plea Raskolnikov’s character did not mean to cause horrible harm, his intentions though not justified can allow for some mitigating effect in his case. 9. Razumihin manages to bring into light the good deeds Raskolnikov did during the trial. He tes tified that Raskolnikov helped a student until his death and even continued to aid the student’s father, placing him in a hospital until his death. The widowed landlady, too, testified that Raskolnikov had gone into a burning building to save two children and received marks from such an event. 20. Dounia and Razumihin ended up married. 21. I do believe Pulcheria knew about her son’s crimes but refused to believe it because the corruption overwhelmed her.Not only from the article but also from the rumors that had been around when they had first came to St. Petersburg were more than enough to show Pulcheria some form of distortion in her son’s character. 22. Rodia acted indifferent inside prison. 23. The rest of the prisoners despised Raskolnikov because of his atheistic believes. 24. Raskolnikov’s attitude for Sonia changed after she became ill and no longer visited him. 25. Pride made Raskolnikov ill in prison. 26. Raskolnikov does not seize believing in his theory because he dreams of a world with similar beliefs that some are chosen to live and others must not.He also believes that he did nothing wrong and does not feel guilty. 27. While ill Raskolnikov dreams of a world-wide plague affecting everyone. The â€Å"chosen† and the â€Å"pure† escape death but those affected suffer from an illness much like egoism, the persons cannot find a way to live with each other and in short term conclude to killing one another. 28. According to Raskolnikov he fails as a successful criminal because he failed to complete his act without being caught. 29. His love, affection, and newly acquired senses of renewal manage to save Raskolnikov and in a way redeem his character.

Sexually Transmitted Disease Brochure Assignment

Sexually Transmitted Disease Brochure - Assignment Example Syphilis cannot be transmitted through physical contact with eating utensils, shared clothing, bathtubs, swimming pools or toilet seats. Primary stage: This is the first stage of the disease may be characterized by single or multiple sores that are painless, round and firm in nature. The sores resemble the point of entry of the disease. Secondary stage: One may have oral, anal or vaginal sores and skin rashes at the same time. This stage begins with with one or many rashes on the body. These rashes may appear several weeks after the primary sore is healed. The rash may appear as rough, red spots on the bottom of the feet or the palm of the hands. This does not necessarily itch and thus may go unnoticed. This may present together with other symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fever, patchy hair loss, weight loss, sore throat, headaches, fatigue and muscle aches. Symptoms may disappear regardless of treatment or not. The infection will proceed to the latent stage without the right treatment. Latent stages: The latent stage starts when the early signs and symptoms disappear. Without the right treatment one may continue to harbor the syphilis bacterium in their body for years without showing any signs and symptoms. Most individuals with untreated syphilis do not go to the late stage of the disease. However, when they proceed to the late stage, the disease is very serious. Late stages: This may present after 10 to 30 years from the initial day of infection. The symptoms are severe and include paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia and difficulty coordinating muscle movements. The disease may damage internal organs and may result in death. Pathology of syphilis: The bacterium responsible for syphilis is called Treponema pallidum. For the transmission to take place there almost needs to be direct contact with the infectious sore. The bacterium quickly penetrates the

The calculations for the capital gains tax Case Study

The calculations for the capital gains tax - Case Study Example The calculations for the capital gains tax are shown in the appendix. From the calculations it may be observed that it is advisable to sell off the business building before 05th April 2008 as you can avail the indexation allowance and taper relief which are no more available. It may be noted that the indexation and taper relief are the allowanced granted by the government to provide for the increase in the asset value due to inflation (Chris Horne). In case you decide to sell of the property after 05th April 2008 you many have to pay higher CGT of 18,000. However in the case of the personal paintings since they have been acquired only in the year 2005 they do not stand eligible for any allowances and the capital gains will simply be the difference between the sale proceeds and the cost. Hence in this case it is advisable to sell the paintings after 05th April 2008 as the CGT on the chargeable gains can be paid at lower tax rate of 18 percent. Income from employment is subjected to income tax as well as Class 1 National Insurance Contributions NIC). Payment of the Tax and NIC are normally undertaken by the employer through the PAYE system. However the employee who has other incomes subjected to tax and whose tax is not fully paid by the employer may complete a tax return and pay the NIC. Contributions to NIC are being made by both the employer and employee. The employee has to make contributions to NIC at 11percent or 9.4 percent between the primary threshold limit and the upper earnings limit. A charge of 1 percent is payable for earnings above the upper earnings limit. No NIC is payable by the employee or employer on the earnings up to the primary threshold limit. Depending on whether the employee is within the State Second Pension (S2P) or whether he has contracted out using a final salary (FS) or money purchase scheme (MP) the rates of NIC payable on earnings are determined. Particulars Contracted in Within S2P Contracted Out Other than S2P Primary Threshold to Upper Earning Limit 11.0% 9.4% Above Upper Earning Limit 1.0% 1.0% As per the calculations shown in the appended income statement assuming that you have contracted out of the state pension scheme, you may have to contribute 9.4 percent of 23,760 i.e. 2233.44 towards the National Insurance Contribution. Additional Tax Burden on Cigarettes and Wines We understand that you and your wife are both heavy smokers and drinkers. Beware that the budget for the year 2008 has put additional tax burden on the cigarettes, wine, and beer to the extent of 0.14p on a bottle of wine, 0.4p on a pint of beer and 0.11p on a pack of cigarettes and to this extent the cost of these items would go up. We do hope you will revise your consumption of these items in view of increased burden on your income. Other Tax Credits The budget for the year 2008 has made the following changes in other Tax Credits for which you are entitled. Tax Credits 2007-08 2008-09 Child Tax Credit - Family Element 1,845 2,085 Working Tax Credit - Basic 1,730 1,800 Married Couple Allowance 2,440 2,540 We have provided

Medical Simulation Training and Action Science Essay

Medical Simulation Training and Action Science - Essay Example It lays emphasis on establishing new routines and learning new frameworks. With action science, new opportunities are identified; any potential fault or threat is identified and corrected (Action design, 2011). In this context, the change in medical practice from the traditional approach, where the interns acquired procedural training at the bedside of real patients to use of simulation experiences or models to teach interns, is an example of an unavoidable scenario and demands for intervention which action science offers. Action science offers axiological interventions at critical points of the medical teaching setup that will demonstrate the significance of embracing use of models in teaching residents at a time when emerging issues of patient safety are becoming real. At this point, it is critical to highlight the objectives of this research. The fundamental goal of this research is to determine whether simulation or the use of models is an effective didactic intervention for pedi atric residents. Other points of focus include: whether there exists a standardized procedural curriculum that is recognized by the other residency programs, need for more educational interventions, will simulation training increase a resident’s confidence and translate into competency when doing procedures on real patients and ability of residents to sustain for a long time the proficiency of gained procedural skills. These critical issues shall be addressed by the dissertation but we cannot avoid highlighting them at this point in order to keep them in perspective as we demonstrate the applicability of action science to the core objectives of the research. As previously stated, action science aims to increase the confidence and skills of an individual or group of people and promote long-term group and individual effectiveness (Argyris, 1992). With the unavoidable change occurring within hospitals, it has become increasingly hard for residents to be taught with real patients , the use of models has been suggested and adopted for use as a viable alternative to the traditional approach. Action science will provide a platform for the development of skills and confidence of the individual residents to the extent that they will be able to handle real patients better. They will be able to use their procedural skills and with more confidence and their overall effectiveness will be enhanced. Action science is a plan of action and consists of a series of steps and actions that can be effected in a way that the participants (residents) can eventually end up developing the right confidence in performing procedures on real patients from the experience gained from working on or with models. The idea here is to use action science ideas and concepts to enhance the procedural skills and confidence of residents. Working in an environment that is ever changing, each participant has to develop an ability and readiness to change accordingly (Action design, 2011). The idea is to use the action science principles in a manner that will enable participants (residents) to adapt to the needs of the ever changing work environment. The need to use models rather than real patients is indeed a great change. The model and the real patient are different in so many ways. Having to use models to learn critical procedural skills is important and with the use of action science it then becomes much easier for the residents to learn while using models since action science

Theoretical Communication Concepts and Its Application in Management Essay

Theoretical Communication Concepts and Its Application in Management - Essay Example Galloway & Thacker 2007 proposed a nonhierarchical structure to organizational communication; the network model, which is an interactive model of communication. SMCR model is a one-way communication model, the sender encodes a message which is then channeled to a receiver through a medium, the receiver then decodes the message. Limitations of this models lie in the fact that there is no feedback display from the receiver, this undermines the core purpose of communication in that it does not reveal the impact of the message on the receiver (Mullins, 2008, 72). It also assumes a one-way mode of communication clearly marking the beginning and end of communication implying the receiver lacks a response. This communication model can only be in a formal organization setting which mainly focuses on structure (top-down structure) whereby the position of the communicator and the recipient is highly considered. This form of communication is mostly written in the form of company magazines, handbooks, and manuals that stipulated organizational requirements, in this case, interactions between the two parties is not necessary, the top level management simply communicates policies and guidelines to employees (Murton, Inman & Osullivan, 2010). This model of communication is efficient as a human resource tool in the sense that it is simple to administer and can generally address all members of the organization. The network model proposed by Galloway and Thacker is a two-way communication model, it encompasses two linear models that enable response from the receiver, hence the receiver acts as the sender as the response message is channeled to the actual sender (Martin & Fellenz, 2010, 45).  

A proposal for an e-business venture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A proposal for an e-business venture - Assignment Example Different types of operational issues like growth of phishing activities by hackers and also in the number of fraudulent transactions carried out on the e-commerce platform happen to generate greater risks to the conducting of the e-commerce business. Failure in enhancing data integrity and security in information sharing activities along the e-commerce platform generates effective risk to the e-commerce company (Nastase and Nastase, 2007). The functions of e-commerce companies also run effective technical risk owing to the growth of intrusion of malicious software like Trojan horses; virus attacks and also being affected by worms and activities of hackers that tend to affect both the software and hardware components. Similarly the growth of fraudulent activities and errors also relate to technical risks of the e-commerce site (Sukumar & Edgar, 2009). The management of the above risks entail the use of surveys to identify and evaluate the different types of risks related to e-commerce along with their potential of affecting the present state of activities. It also requires potential communication among interested parties and stakeholders relating to the identification of the different risks. This contributes in generating needed awareness about the risks and thereby in planning effective strategies related to designing of security and authentication tools to help in mitigating the same (Jaffe, 2000). E-commerce business operates based on the gathering of confidential information related to consumers. The e-commerce companies are thus required to act as effective custodians of the personal information generated by the customers through working on the dimensions of internal controls. Ethical and privacy concerns related to e-commerce pertain to the sharing and publication of confidential information of the consumers without the prior consent. Confidential information of consumers shared with third party may also amount to the fraudulent use of such in

Drawing upon two research-based source documents, identify one Essay

Drawing upon two research-based source documents, identify one contemporary issue in HRM and critically analyse how these source - Essay Example The theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management, on the other hand, provide a guide to a clear distinction of strategic human resource management and human resource according to McNeill and Chapman (2005, p. 98). They provide a review of theories that can be applied to elaborate strategic human resource management. The study aims to make a distinction between strategic human resource management and human resource management. The issue addressed by these two studies is strategic human resource management. These studies aim to provide further information on the issue of strategic to human resource management. The concept of strategic human resource management as addressed by the two studies is a contemporary issue in human resource management. In order to attain goals and objectives in an organization, it is essential to employ the concept of strategic human resource management. The importance of strategic human resource management and its application is addressed by the two studies. Strategic human resource management is a concept within the broad subject of human resource management. Strategies of human resource management incorporate the concept of strategic management in the planning and utilization of human resource. In order to improve efficiency in an organization, it is essential to use the concept of strategic human resource management in addition to the basic human resource management. Strategic human resource management implements changes to human resource management. This ensures a clear understanding of issues in order to sustain a competitive advantage and accomplish the desired results. Strategic human resource management involves the use of proper management tactics in order to meet the organizations best goals. Human resource management is the focus on aspects that affect employees and provide safety incentives and information in order to ensure productivity of employees. Strategic human resource management, on the other hand , provides a work environment and strategies that ensure that employees provide their services with consideration of the objectives of the business (Greer, 2001, p. 85). Even though strategic human resource management sometimes perceived as an independent issue for human resource management, it is necessary to note that the issue is within the broader subject of human resource management. Strategic human resource management requires that principles of human resource management employed before the adoption of strategic human resource management. It is, therefore, noteworthy that strategic human-resource management is an issue within the broader context of human resource of management. The theoretical frame work adopted by the study in the Journal of management applies micro level production to the theories to the human resource management field – therefore, a descriptive one. The method employed explains the concept of the study. The study adopts six theoretical models organiz ation with theories in economics and finance. The theories support the concept of strategic Human-resource management and connect human resource management activities proactive and strategically aimed decisions. The study of the impact of strategic human resource of management of the organizational success, on the other hand, uses the knowledge advancement theory to establish the competitive advantage as well as planned for the organization’

Virus hunters Essay Example for Free

Virus hunters Essay Question 1: 1. Keeping professionals excited about work that is routine and standardized and chaotic is a major challenge for Vincent Weafer. How could he use technical, human, and conceptual skills to maintain an environment that encourages innovation and professionalism among the virus hunters? Answer: 1. Vincent Weafer’s involves following techniques that encourage innovation and professionalism among the virus hunters: Firstly, he divided work into smaller and specialized groups to increase the coefficient of efficiency. Secondly, to attain professionalism he focuses on efficiency by using technical skills that help the virus hunters recognize any virus with less time. He involves very smart and creative business model, which allows to keep working on the project without stopping. As the work keeps on moving and never stopped. When Santa Monica’s team finished, Tokyo’s coworkers took over, when Japanese team finishes this handed over to Dublin and then again back to Santa Monica. Question 2 2. What management roles is Weafer playing as he: (a) has weekly security briefing conference calls with co-workers around the globe, (b) assessed the feasibility of adding a new network security consulting service, and (c) keeps employees focused on the company’s commitments to customers? Answer: Vincent plays following roles: a) Vincent plays a role of an organizer in calling up weekly briefings with co-workers. These conference sessions help to set strong and trusting relationships with employees which might and will built a stable and safe-work environment where everyone could does his or her best to accomplish team target. b) He plays a role of decision maker and (or) planner by assessing the feasibility of installing a new network security consulting service. Vincent make a decision based one the study that has been done and here he is acting as a planner. He then also divides the work into groups and gives them tasks according to their specialization. c) Here Vincent plays a role of leader as he motivated his employees to focus on company’s liabilities to provide better security to the costumers. Question 4 What could other managers learn from Vincent Weafer and Symantecs approach? Answer : 1) competitive advantage through efficiency. 2) Recognize problem areas and implement 3) †¨Customer focus.

Culture Led Regeneration Focuses On Tourism Essay

Culture Led Regeneration Focuses On Tourism Essay Introduction The aim of this chapter is to provide a framework for the basis of this study, discussing the key matters and approaches in culture-led regeneration whilst examining its functionality within a wider context. It is essential to discuss flagship developments, the public realm, urban design principles and planning policy as part of the place making process. Images of the built environment used within place promotion strategies often add value by increasing consumption within a city. The following attempts to synthesise literatures from the fields of culture, regeneration, urban design, quality of place, place image and the public realm thus providing a coherent framework for later analysis. It is these overarching concepts which remain interlinked in creating better places where people want to live work and subsequently invest. Part One: Regeneration Culture-led Regeneration The term culture-led regeneration has become a part of the planning and development vocabulary and has been seen as being of increasing importance from the beginning of the 1990s, since which arts and culture have come to be seen as a key resource for urban regeneration (Griffiths et al, 2003: 154) with both increased focus and funding opportunities. The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) commissioned a report entitled The Contribution of Culture to Regeneration in the UK which defined regeneration as breathing new life and vitality into an ailing community, industry and areas bringing sustainable, long-terms improvements to local quality of life (2004:4). Culture-led regeneration focuses on using culture and cultural activity as a catalyst and engine for regeneration activity. Within the scope of this study such cultural activity will focus on the quality and design of both buildings and the reclamations of open space including their impact and use. Often these activities are used within place rebranding strategies (Evans and Shaw 2004). Specifically this form of regeneration can be considered through many types of expression including architecture, heritage buildings, festivals, events and the performing arts (Smith, 2006). There are numerous approaches towards achieving culture-led regeneration including production and consumption based strategies (Bianchini, 1993), as illustrated in Figure X. Culture-led regeneration has been used extensively within Europe (Gomez, 1988; Keating and De Frantz, 2004; Miles, 2005) from the beginning of the 1990s as a strategy for regenerating cities that have suffered from social and economic decline through de-industrialisation. Whilst such strategies have been successful throughout Europe, uncertainly remains regarding their long-term benefits (Kavaratzis and Ashworth, 2006). Various studies have been conducted into the effects and impacts of culture on regeneration as outlined in Table X within the context of this study. Culture-led regeneration initiatives have been implemented aimed towards adopting a new place image (Doucet, 2007). The shift towards a globalised economy has resulted in increased competitiveness, recognising that cities must complete of a global scale to attract inward investment. Following deindustrialisation civic institutions have adopted culture-led regeneration initiatives as a tool which offers distinctive wider e conomic benefit by not only stimulating economic growth however aiming towards addressing negative market externalities and social problems (Jones and Evans, 2008). Keating and De Frantz (2004:190) summarise In a crowded international market, it can mark the city as distinct, giving it a brand image. This can indirectly promote its economic competitiveness by increasing its position in the quality-life indexes of international investment ranking. It may also have a psychological effect within the city, building self-confidence and civic pride among the population and even boosting optimism among investors. The role of art and culture is strong within economic development and place-marketing strategies as the wider cultural offer of a city formulates a key component of re-imaging and the creation of distinctive places. This often results in extensive urban development based upon consumption with individuals being attracted by the synergy formed by cultural facilities and surrounding mixed-use development (Snedcof, 1985). Figure X Table X Impacts of Culture on Regeneration Physical Economic Cultural Enhanced identity and place image Inward investment Increased cultural understanding Aesthetic and environmental improvements through architecture, public art and public realm Tourism and increased visitor spending Promoting participation within the arts Increased design quality Increased footfall Enhanced creativity and vision Increased use of public open space Increased property values Enhanced cultural well-being Reuse of redundant buildings/ increased occupancy of vacant land Employer retention Sustainable development (Adapted from Evans and Shaw, 2004; Landry et al, 1993) A case study on the Newcastle Gateshead found that there were social and community benefits of culture-led regeneration including increased numbers of local residents attending cultural institutions and an increased number of residents feeling that the arts had played a valuable role in their lives. Furthermore culture-led regeneration within the area has aided in restoring local individuals identities in addition to improving the fabric and culture within the city. Bailey et al (2004), argue that culture-led regeneration provides a framework enabling local people can [to] re-establish ownership of their own sense of place and space. Thus, culture is a critical aspect of mediating and articulating community need (Evans, 2005: 959), as can be seen that one of the potential effects of culture-led regeneration is positive social impact in addition to economic stabilisation (see Figure X for examples). Major events are seen as a particularly effective catalyst for city regeneration processes because they are able to merge tourism strategies with urban planning and can boost the confidence and pride of the local community (Garcia, 2004: 104) The arts are a catalyst for regeneration, a magnet for tourism and business, enhance the visual quality of a citys environment and provide a focus for community and individual development (Miles, 2005: 896) Figure X examples of social impacts in culture-led regeneration Flagship Development Phenomenon Over past decades the role of the government has essentially changed from functioning as city managers providing frontline public services, to policies focusing on globalisation (Doucet, 2007). Accordingly transforming into more diversified economies adopting entrepreneurial practices as a result of ideological shifts within government policies promoting growth and development. In order to accumulate investment and create job opportunities within this ever competitive economy, there has been an increased focus and awareness of consumption factors, such as quality of life, amenities, the built environment, cultural and social facts (Healy et al, 1992). Flagship developments are often used to produce euphoria, a sense of civic pride and success amongst the local population. Flagship developments are considered a means for economic growth and further catalytic effects such as bringing derelict space back into an economic use. Flagship developments are often launched alongside rebranding or marketing strategies with the aim of changing place image towards a dynamic and creative vision, thus attracting individuals and increasing potential footfall. Flagship developments are often situated in high-profile locations such as central business districts (Healy et al 1992). The Bilbao region of northern Spain is often cited as a successful example of a flagship development and is known as the Guggenheim Effect having created many ripple effects across the region. Critiques of Flagship Developments Doucet (2007) notes the foremost criticism is that of conflicting visions of the city from those of the policy makers and promoters to those of the local population. Thus the question arises as to who are flagships designed for, the residents or outsiders? Often flagships developments follow themes and patterns duplicated from previously successful projects which lead to a cookie-cutter effect (Doucet, 2007). Many flagship developments have become franchised and replicated in both appearance and form throughout the world, which subsequently affects their impact. For example it is evident that many flagship museums are becoming franchised; diminishing originality and their unique selling positions (Harvey, 1989). Impact Measurement The term impact is used in relation to the contribution or role or importance of culture-led regeneration. Table X below identified the different environmental and economic impact measurements and their associated tests (DCMS 2004); Table X: Impact Measurement Environmental Land values and occupancy (versus vacant premises/voids), design quality, environmental/quality of life. Tests Quality of Life (ODPMs local quality of life indicators), Design Quality Indicators (DQI CABE/CIC), Re-use of brownfield land Economic Multipliers (jobs, income/expenditure direct, indirect, induced), cost benefit analysis, contingent valuation (i.e. willingness to pay for free activities such as parks, museums, libraries), inward investment and leverage, distributive effects Tests Employment/unemployment rates, income/spending and wealth in an area, and distribution by social group and location, employer location, public-private leverage, footfall. Place Marketing Image profile strategies may assist in tackling issues around depravation and unemployment in addition to indirectly increasing its economic position reflected in the quality of life, the creation of a distinctive sense of place and psychological effects such as implementing civic pride and a shift of perceptions. Generically through UR the rebranding of a place follows through the design and construction of the built environment. Additionally the use of high profile projects in conjunction with tourism and cultural policies promotes a positive place image in order to adapt the status of the city, its local economy and attract inward business investment as suggested by Stevenson (2003). There seems to be a growing importance in the role of economic development and the adoption of place marketing and re-imaging will assist in distinguishing a place from its competing locations. Bramwell and Rawding (1996) discuss the repositioning of a place within a better market sector with the new brand communicating that alternative service range offers are available to investors, businesses and individuals. The phrase renaissance defines a new approach to regeneration based on the quality of place, an understanding that the design and delivery of high-quality public spaces and the built environment will raise aspirations and contribute to a higher and more sustainable level of economic wellbeing. The function of the programme is to facilitate the renaissance of underperforming places and maximise its strengths. The aim is to help places develop and prosper, both in physical and economic terms. Part Two: Public Realm A Case for Public Realm and Place Quality The type of investment that comprises public realm is varied and often specific to a particular location. Within a city centre context the range of interventions can cover mixed use developments with a focus on squares, waterside development combined with good urban design features which include improving connectivity and supporting green space. The approaches adopted can be led by the type of commercial use be it retail, cultural or indeed office development led. The definition of quality of place can be broadly described as the range of factors which contribute to the attractiveness and functionality of a locality as a place to live, work, invest or visit. Investment that supports the development of high quality places is generally recognised as helping to improve economic performance. This particular view has influenced the place agenda over the past decade and this is now clearly evident in public policy. Good examples of this shift in policy include the CLGs Total Place concept and the approach being adopted by the HCA to area based development. CABE have long argued the importance of quality places in defining successful places. Economic Benefits Various research studies undertaken over the last 10 years have sought to examine the impact of design quality on local areas and businesses. CABE (2002) draws together the findings of key research from the UK and abroad showing how investment in good design generates economic and social value. Collectively the studies provide evidence of the value of design in the areas of civic pride and cultural activity, business, housing, educational environments, crime prevention and social wellbeing. CABE (2004) highlighted the importance of public realm and public spaces to the competitiveness of an area. Whitehead et al (2006) sought to follow up on the earlier qualitative findings (such as the work by CABE) to quantify measures of change in business performance brought about by urban quality improvements (for example, studies that looked at willingness to pay, impact on property values and rents, turnover, footfall or other quantifiable forms of impact). Whitehead et al (2006) examined whether improvements in the urban environment (which might be achieved through pedestrianisation or public realm improvements) affect business location decisions. The central question posed was to establish the value to office or retail businesses of locating in enhanced urban spaces, reviewing more than 700 different studies. Table X below summarises the quantifiable evidence found by the Panel. It indicates the range and mean value for key commercial metrics such as footfall and turnover and retail and office rental premiums observed from the investment made. Table X (Whitehead et al 2006) Activity Type of improvement Number of cases Headline values (Mean) Retail footfall Pedestrianisation 10 20% 40% (32.3%) Retail turnover 22 10% 25% (17.0%) Retail rents 420 10% 30% (21.7%) Office rents Waterfront improvement/ other water feature 10 15% 35% (24.2%) Commercial property values can also benefit from the presence of quality public realm and environs. In principle, higher landscape quality will help to make sites and premises easier to sell or let and help retain occupants, with some studies suggesting that some occupants value landscape quality more highly than others to the extent that they are prepared to pay a higher than average rent for premises located in an area of high landscape quality (South Yorkshire Forest et al, 2008). Land and property values are a useful proxy measure for the relative prosperity and attractiveness of a community, neighbourhood or place. Property values reflect a basket of factors, including for example transport links, proximity to employment and local services, as well as environmental quality. The public realm theory of change model brings together the evidence base in terms of activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts in mapping the economic benefits of public realm investment (EMDA/ECOTEC 2007). Figure X provides a schematic of the public realm theory of change model. In the centre of the framework are the reasons why public realm investment brings about economic benefits summarised around six economic benefit streams: 1. Attracting business; 2. Increasing land / property values 3. Attracting visitors; 4. Increasing tourism; 5. Improving productivity; and 6. Enhancing image. The theory is that the quality of the location is enhanced by public realm and this changes the behaviours of investors, business and visitors, leading to increased positive outcomes including increased business activity, visitor expenditure, secondary business activity, productivity and an overall enhanced image for the area. Ultimately this improves the overall investment climate for a location and employment opportunities, impacting on high level outcomes including the sustainability of communities and economic competitiveness. Figure X: Public Realm Theory of Change Model. Case Study Evidence In evaluating the impact of public realm there has been a heavy emphasis on using area based case studies. Such case studies have tended to focus on qualitative assessments, although increasingly they have used survey approaches to help assess the relative contribution of public realm investment. Table X summarises a number of case studies. The case studies illustrate that public realm is reported by stakeholders as having an economic impact. Businesses across a range of studies report that public realm investment improves the performance of existing enterprises and influences new investment decisions. This is due to the way in which public realm impacts on increasing the attractiveness of an area, increasing footfall leading to increased consumers expenditure or improves the image of an area leading to new employment generation activity. The public realm is a secondary factor in the location decision making of inward investors in the East Midlands (EMDA/ECOTEC 2007). This was viewed as being due to the nature of inward investment decisions and the multiple factors that influence location. Moreover, it has been noted that there is little robust evidence from property market stakeholders to demonstrate the economic and regeneration impacts of investment in the public realm, but anecdotal evidence point to a positive relationship. A more general point relates to the context for public realm investment being made. The case study evidence suggests that whilst public realm projects can be successful in their own right, they need to be part of a wider regeneration programme to contribute towards the economic revival and sustainability of an area. What the case studies generally provide is a strong signal from businesses that there is a causal relationship between public realm investment and economic performance and the mechanisms for economic impacts. What is less clear is the relative contribution of public realm to observed overall changes. Table X: Summary of selected case studies on the economic benefits of public realm [source] Case Studies Context Investment Qualitative Impacts Quantitative Impacts Birmingham Victoria Square Public square flanked by most established civic buildings  £3.7m as part of  £6.5m package of works Restriction of traffic flows helped increase pedestrian flows, space for formal and informal activity, events attracts visitors. No assessment Bristol Queen Square Increase in property values of 15% which in part can be attributed to the public realm. Coventry city centre Poor quality city centre environment Range of public realm works incorporated Urban design improvements in the city centre, including signage, public art and civic square improvements have been cited as leading to a 25% increase in footfall on Saturdays [footnote] Torbay Waterfront Waterfront investment in public realm The public investment was recognised by businesses as important in influencing their investment decisions and increased trade [footnote] Based on waterfront business surveys and interviews was able to attribute on average some 20% of private sector investment to the waterfront public realm investment. Key retailers had noticed increased footfall as a benefit and some 10% of investment was attributed by the evaluators to the public realm investment. Whitby Town centre public realm works Study reported an increase of 35% in visitors as a result of the public realm works. This analysis was based on a visitor survey which asked whether the public realm has influenced the decision to visit. Part Three: Policy and Investment Rationale Cultural Planning Rationale Most culture-led regeneration has been implemented through cultural policy (Vickery 2000) with the rationale of achieving both social and political agendas. During the 1980s the use of cultural policy shifted towards an economic and physical regeneration mechanism (Garcia, 2004; McGuigan, 2005), and was known as cultural economic policy Kong (2000). Cultural policy has been used to create a sense of national identity through a cultural renaissance based on primarily on achieving economic benefits (Lee, 2004). There are various policy levels which aim to support both production and consumption based strategies (Simonin 2003). The DCMS made it a non-statutory requirement for the local authorities in England to produce a local cultural strategy to promote cultural well-being (DCMS 2000:5) which resulted in a high take up. A DCMS report entitled Culture at the Heart of Regeneration outlined the economic and social benefits of culture and recommended policy improvements to ensure that culture is firmly embedded in regeneration from the very beginning (DCMS,2004:5), not just as an after-thought. Cultural planning is defined as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦strategic use of cultural resources for the integrated development of cities, regions and countries (Evans, 2001:7), and is the means for which culture to be considered in all processes relating to planning and development (Mercer, 2002). It is promoted by academics, as an alternative to traditional cultural policies (Evans, 2001; Garcia, 2004; Bianchini, 1993). This approach promotes an understanding of cities as cultural entities (Bianchini, 1993:212) and incorporates cultural policies with other sectors, such as planning (Lutz, 2006). Public Realm Investment Rationale The public policy rationale for investing in public realm has become increasingly well documented in recent years. Public places that help to inspire, delight and attract people are now firmly recognised as one of the wellsprings of prosperity. Indeed, good quality public realm has become increasingly central to urban regeneration policy decisions. The case is well articulated by CABE (2003:4) A high quality public environment can have a significant impact on the economic life of urban centres and is an essential part of any successful regeneration strategy. As towns increasingly compete with one another to attract investment, the presence of good parks, squares, gardens and other public spaces becomes a vital business and marketing tool. Companies are attracted to locations that offer well-designed, well-managed public places and these in turn attract customers, employees and services. It is worth noting the words of the American urban designer Alexander Garvin who wrote Urban planning should be defined as public action that will produce a sustained and widespread private market reaction (Gallacher 2005:11). That is to say if any new public space is not designed without some conscious thought given to increasing human activity and exchange, as well as adding to the economic value of local neighbourhoods and facilities, then it is likely to fail. The urban competitiveness maze outlined in the late 1990s introduced the concept that high quality public realm was an important factor in determining economic performance (Begg, 1999). The study highlighted that a high quality pedestrian environment and public realm was an essential component of creating the right environment for business. The linkages between local environmental quality and economic performance determined that public realm could have an influence through: (i) stimulating the local economy through increasing private sector returns, (ii) have a positive impact on perceptions of the area, and (iii) may retain and attract workers to an area where there is easy access to employment centres (Frontier Economics Ltd, 2004). Public realm investment is recognised as integral to the functioning of quality places. Buchanan (2008) concluded a three year evaluation project capturing the impact of quality of place investments across the North East region (these include a range of investments in cultural facilities, streetscapes, parks and other public realm). This has focussed closely on the impact of quality places on economic performance and has highlighted the contribution of public realm to the mix of elements that help make a location successful. Figure X overleaf illustrates the mix of attributes that make for good locations and quality of place identified in the study. Buchanans analysis concluded that quality of place investments can make a positive contribution to regional economic performance in four areas in particular: attracting and retaining knowledge workers; improving productivity through enhanced density; increasing labour force participation, and growing the tourism and culture economy The study identifies a broad approach to the assessment of the impact of quality of place, covering the assessment of economic change, property values and land prices, perception change and a physical quality assessment. The physical quality assessment used a number of survey tools as outlines in Figure X below. Figure X: Figure X: Economic competitiveness and quality of place (Buchanan, 2008) Over time public and urban realm investment has featured more strongly in order to underpin overall investment strategies. Industrialisation in the urban centres led to expansion, but de industrialisation later led to decline. The decline of many of the town and city centres was accompanied by social and physical degeneration, worsened by urban sprawl, including the emergence of out-of town shopping. The urban cores became places more likely to hinder, rather than promote, economic growth. The sheer scale of the problem, and a lack of resources, condemned to failure previous approaches of quick-fix and piecemeal interventions (in this case Sheffield). Within cultural planning policy and economic strategy the importance of public realm is in making great places and delivering more competitive locations. They serve as an attraction for people, businesses and visitors. They become places where people want to visit, live, work and invest. They offer better lifestyles. They are more likely to attract people who have more choices in life, with higher levels of income, education and skills. They attract new, knowledge-based sectors. The process of place-making helps to overcome exclusion, empowering local people and raising their levels of aspiration and ambition. The case for public sector investment in public realm is firmly grounded in a belief that it is a key contributor to the economic well-being and competitiveness of an area. There is a general body of evidence that recognises the importance of quality of place and public realm in attracting and retaining business, skilled people and visitors. From the evidence it is also clear that there are many factors that contribute to the quality of a particular location and therefore the attractiveness of a location to residents, businesses and visitors. Often a public realm strategy is just part of an overall investment strategy to improve the quality of a town or city centre environment the best are often described by investors or developers where they can see that action is being taken to improve a town or citys environment across sectors whether this be efforts to improve the town or citys retail, leisure, office, or residential offer, supported by a strong and clear masterplan and strong public sector governance. Together these factors appear to come together to improve the overall quality of a place, and a location that will encourage private sector investment. The challenge appears to be in disentangling the specific contribution of the public realm investment. Part Four: Validity Literature Validity Following an extensive literature review process it is vital to correspondingly consider the validity of such sources of literature. It remains essential for critical analysis and evaluation of certain aspects including the tone and style echoed within the literature in addition to the purpose for which it has been written. By undertaking effective and thorough research from a variety of quality key texts this enables the researcher to gain depth of knowledge and an understanding of the topic area. The adopted systematic approach to underpinning this literature review has enabled a variety of sources such as internet data, books, journals and reports for data collection, analysis generation and interpretation. A widespread of government agendas, initiatives, policies and strategy report documents have been reviewed. Refereed scholarly journal articles have been considered from various respected sources, authors and academic institutions which have been written for the purposes of professionals, academics and students within the field of the built environment. Additionally, internet data and books have presented mixed views which remain valid for use within this study. Therefore, bias or alternative influences remain few, subsequently forming reliable and valuable sources of information which have been executed with a critical approach for the purposes of this study.